Medcine

Question 1

Difficulty in Articulation:

Answer 1

dysarthria

Question 2

Aphasia:

Answer 2

Expression: Broca’
Understanding: Wernick’s
Both : global

Question 3

-Voice production:

Answer 3

dysphonia, hoarseness of voice

Question 4

DISORDERS OF PERCEPTION :

Answer 4

APRAXIA
—-
Sensory inattention
(neglect)

Question 5

Pseudobulbar palsy UMNL

Answer 5

(stroke)
Dysarthria &dysphonia
Dysphagia
Conical, spastic deviation of tongue
Brisk of jerk ( +ve) babiniski
Emotional disability present

Question 6

Bulbar palsy LMNL :

Answer 6

(motor neurone disease)
Dysarthria Dysphagia
Weakness, wasting & fasciculation of tongue
Absent of jerk ( -ve ) babiniski
Absent of emotional disability

Question 7

UMNL

Answer 7

Monoparesis
Hemiparesis
Paraparesis
Two main patterns:

1- Hemiparesis
- Weakness of the limbs on one side
- Usually a lesion in brain or brain stem: stroke

2- Paraparies:
- Weak legs Bilateral damage of corticospinal tracts/spinal cord level
- Often a spinal cord injury below T1

Question 8

Tetraparesis:

Answer 8

Weakness of the arms & legs §Usually high cervical cord lesion:
-UMN signs below the lesion
-LMN signs at the level of the lesion
-Unaffected muscles above the lesion

Question 9

LMNL

Answer 9

-Any where from Anetrior horn cells or cranial nerve
-via a peripheral nerve to the motor endplate
- Muscle disease may give a similar clinical
picture but reflexes are usually preserved

Question 10

LMNL signs

Answer 10

-Wasting of small ms of hand in motor neuron disease
-High arched feet in charcot Marie tooth diease
-Caf é au lait patch sign
-Neurofibromatosis
-Shoulder girdle myopathy
-Myasthenia gravis

Question 11

In Trigeminal palsy , jaw deviates to

Answer 11

the weak side on opening the mouth because the pterygoids on the unaffected side are unopposed.

Question 12

FASCIAL NERVE palsy:

Answer 12

-Upper motor neuron
Associtaed with stroke
Contralateral lower half of face

• Lower motor neuron/bells palsy
  Ipsilateral half of face

Question 13

Rheumatic chorea

Answer 13

-Finger flexion
-deviation of the head
-pronation of the hand with twitching and
grimacing.

Question 14

Bladder problems

Answer 14

-Atonic LMNL:
sacral cord or roots

-Hypertonic UMNL:
spinal cord or brainstem

-Loss of awareness of bladder fullness &inappropriate micturation:
cortical

Question 15

Anal problems:

Answer 15

-Incontinence:
sacral s2-4

-Constipation:
autonomic ,UMNL

Question 16

INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

Answer 16

• Headache: generalized worse in the morning
  with drowsiness
• Projectile vomiting: no nausea
  -Blurring of vision