Med Terms Flashcards
angiogram
xray of blood vessel with using dye
cardiomegaly
abnormal enlargement of heart
bradycardia
slow heart beat
tachycardia
fast heart beat
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
arrhythmia
irregular heart rhythm
hypertension
high blood pressure
myocardial infarction
death of tissue in heart muscle
aka: heart attack or MI
shock
group of symptoms (pale skin, rapid pulse, shallow breathing) that indicate poor oxygen supply to tissue and insufficient return of blood to heart.
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
atelectasis
Complete or partial collapse of a lung or a section (lobe) of a lung
emphysema
book:
lung disorder in which air becomes trapped in the air sacs and bronchioles, making breathing difficult. marked by the accumulation of mucus and the loss of elasticity in lung tissue
google:
lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged
phrenectomy
partial removal of diaphragm
pulmonectomy
surgical excision of an entire lung or of one or more lobes of a lung
rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty, commonly known as a nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the nose
pneumonia
abnormal condition of the lungs marked by
inflammation and collection of material within the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.
CAT scan
computed tomography scan
special X-ray tests that produce cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays and a computer.
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body in all 3 planes
tomography
Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning, through the use of any kind of penetrating wave
fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopy is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the interior organs
pulmonary ventilation scan
radioactive gas is inhaled and a special camera detects its presence in the lungs. detects lung segments that fail to fill with radioactive gas. lack of filling is usually due to diseases that obstruct the bronchial tubes and air sacs.
evaluation of lung function b4 surgery
gallium scan
radioactive gallium (citrate) is injected into the bloodstream and is detected in the body with a scanning device that produces an image of the areas where gallium collects. gallium accumulates in sights were cells are dividing such as certain tumors and areas of inflammation
aspiration
withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac
audiogram
graph showing the results of a pure-tone hearing test. It will show how loud sounds need to be at different frequencies for you to hear them
auscultation
the action of listening to sounds produced within the body: from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis.
electrolytes
substance that conducts an electrical current that is found in blood (serum) and body cells: examples:
Sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, and magnesium are all electrolytes. You get them from the foods you eat and the fluids you drink
glucose tolerance test
The glucose tolerance test is a medical test in which glucose is given and blood samples taken afterward to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood
PKU test
test that determines whether the urine of a newborn contains phenylketones. if present infants lack a specific enzyme.
A simple blood test looks for rare conditions, including phenylketonuria (PKU), which can harm your baby’s growing brain - can cause mental retardation. to prevent, by placing infant on special diet that prevents accumulation of phenylalanine in bloodstream.
platelet count
determination of the number of clotting cells (platelets) in a sample of blood
A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Having more than 450,000 platelets is a condition called thrombocytosis; having less than 150,000 is known as thrombocytopenia
prothrombin time
Prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test that measures the time it takes for the liquid portion (plasma) of your blood to clot
urinalysis
A urinalysis is used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes
triglycerides
Triglycerides are a type of fat. They are the most common type of fat in your body
white blood count
How many white blood cells (WBCs) someone has varies, but the normal range is usually between 4,000 and 11,000 per microliter of blood. A blood test that shows a WBC count of less than 4,000 per microliter (some labs say less than 4,500) could mean your body may not be able to fight infection the way it should.
white blood count
How many white blood cells (WBCs) someone has varies, but the normal range is usually between 4,000 and 11,000 per microliter of blood. A blood test that shows a WBC count of less than 4,000 per microliter (some labs say less than 4,500) could mean your body may not be able to fight infection the way it should.
lipid test
A complete cholesterol test — also called a lipid panel or lipid profile — is a blood test that can measure the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in your blood
PSA (prostate specific antigen) test
Blood test that measures the amount of an antigen elevated in patients with prostate cancer and in some with an inflamed prostate gland
PFT (pulmonary function tests)
measurement of the volume and flow rate (ventilation) of air taken into and exhaled from the lungs using a spirometer
test results may be abnormal in patients with asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or occupational exposures to asbestos, chemicals and dusts
the primary purpose of testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment.
Doppler ultrasound
uses high-frequency sound waves to measure the amount of blood flow through your arteries and veins, measure blood flow as echoes bounce off RBCs; arteries or veins in arms, neck, legs or abdomen are examined to detect if occluded (blocked) by clots or atherosclerosis
arthroplasty
the surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint.
craniotomy
surgical opening into the skull
arthrocentesis
clinical procedure of using a syringe to collect synovial fluid from a joint capsule. It is also known as joint aspiration
polymyalgia
An inflammatory disorder causing muscle pain and stiffness around the shoulders and hips
ankylosing spondylitis
A chronic inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine and hip joints
osteoporosis
A condition in which bones become weak and brittle, decrease in bone mass with formation of pores or spaces in normally mineralized bones tissue (more serious than osteopenia)
carpal tunnel syndrome
A numbness and tingling in the hand and arm caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist
patellapexy
Fixation of the patella to the lower end of the femur to stabilize the joint
laminectomy
surgical procedure that removes a portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina, to relieve pressure on nerves from a herniating disc
arthroscopy
process of visual examination of joint
osteopenia
A condition that occurs when the body doesn’t make new bone as quickly as it reabsorbs old bone
osteoarthritis
inflammation of bones and joints. disease of older people and is marked by stiffness, pain, and degeneration of joints
perineal
generally defined as the surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx
cystocele
A bulge of the bladder into the vagina.
perivesical
Near, or surrounding the urinary bladder
nephrolithotomy
incision in kidney to remove stones
pyelolithotomy
surgical incision of the renal pelvis of a kidney for removal of a kidney stone
ureteroplasty
repair of an injury or defect of the ureters
urethritis
Inflammation of the tube (urethra) carrying urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
anuria
anuric
is a condition of nonpassage of urine, in practice is defined as passage of less than 100 milliliters of urine in a day
pertaining to nonpassage of urine
dysuria
Discomfort, pain, or burning when urinating
glycosuria
Glycosuria is the excretion of glucose into the urine
hematuria
Blood in the urine may range from very obvious to microscopic and not visible at all.
intrarenal
situated within, occurring within, or administered by entering the kidney an intrarenal obstruction
anorchism
disorder of sex development in which a person with XY karyotype, which usually corresponds to male sex, is born without testes.
prostatitis
Swelling of the small walnut-sized gland (prostate) that produces seminal fluid
orchiopexy
surgery to move an undescended testicle into the scrotum and permanently fix it there
varicocele
An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum produces swelling
colporrhaphy
surgical procedure that repairs a defect in the wall of the vagina
hysterosalpingogram
radiologic procedure to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes
amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
dysmenorrhea
painful menstrual flow
menorrhagia
Heavy or prolonged vaginal bleeding with menstrual cycle.
fibroids
Noncancerous growths in the uterus that can develop during a woman’s childbearing years
endometriosis
An abnormal condition in which tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside the uterus
otalgia
Pain in the inner or outer ear that may interfere with ability to hear, often caused by excess fluid and infection
dermatitis
An itchy inflammation of the skin
tympanotomy
surgical approach to the middle ear and its structures for diagnosis
phakectomy
The removal of a cataractous CRYSTALLINE LENS from the eye.
retinitis
inflammation of the retina in the eye
glaucoma
increase in pressure (fluid accumulation) within the chamber at the front of the eye
cataract
Clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye
tinnitus
Ringing or buzzing noise in one or both ears
nevus
birthmark or a mole on the skin, especially a birthmark in the form of a raised red patch
conjunctivitis
inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva
dermatoplasty
The use of skin grafts in plastic surgery to correct defects or replace skin destroyed by injury or disease
acromegaly
enlargement of extremities as a result of thickening of bones and soft tissues causes by excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland (after completion of puberty)
Cushing syndrome
A condition that occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time (moon face)
Goiter
Abnormal enlargement of the butterfly-shaped gland below the Adam’s apple (thyroid).
Diabetes mellitus
disorder marked by deficient insulin in the blood, which causes sugar to remain in the blood rather than entering cells. one symptom frequent urination
hyperthyroidism
The overproduction of a hormone by the butterfly-shaped gland in the neck (thyroid)
AIDS
suppression or deficiency of the immune response caused by exposure to HIV
HIV
virus that infects white blood cells causing damage to the patient’s immune system
lymphoma
A cancer of the lymphatic system
mononucleosis
an acute infectious disease with excess monocytes in the blood assoc. with extreme fatigue. Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus transmitted by oral contact
sarcoidosis
chronic inflammatory disorder small collection of cells in connective tissue, spleen, liver, bone marrow, lungs and lymph nodes. causes unknown; may involve malfunction of the immune system
costochrondritis
inflammation of cartilage attached to rib
myositis
inflammation of muscle
tendonitis
inflammation of tendon (connective tissue that joins muscles to bone)
effusion
accumulation of fluid in anatomic space
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
fracture
breaking of bone
metacarpel
bones of hand between wrist bone, carpals and phalanges
phalanges
finger and toe bones
flank
area of upper abdominal or back and sides
pyelogram
xray record renal pelvis with injection of contrast
nephrolithiasis
condition of kidney stone
dilatation
widening
ureter
one of two tubes that lead from kidney to urinary bladder
renal pelvis
central section of kidney where urine collects
lithotrpsy
process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract using ultra sonic vibration (eswl)
renal failure
kidney no longer function
uremia
abnormal condition of excess amounts of urea (nitrogenous waste) in the blood stream
cystoscopy
visual exam of bladder
endoscopic vesicle neck suspension
procedure for treatment of true stress urinary incontinence
orchitis
inflammation of a testicle
scrotal
pertaining to the scrotum
metastatic
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent’s spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host’s body
hysterectomy
excision of uterus either through vag or abdominal wall
salpingo-oophorectomy
removal of Fallopian tube (aka uterine tube) and ovaries
colposcope
visual of vag and cervix
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix (lower neck like portion of uterus into the vag)
biopsy
living tissue removed and viewed under microscope
benign
not cancerous tumor that doesn’t spread is limited in growth
salpingitis (aka PID)
inflammation of fallopian (uterine) tube. Often caused by bacterial infection in the pelvis because primarily affects fallopian tubes
encephalopathy
disease of brain
polyneuritis
inflammation of many peripheral nerves
myelocele
exposed spinal cord
neuralgia
nerve pain
neurolysis
degeneration of nerve
cerebrotomy
incision into cerebrum of brain
medullectomy
excision of medulla
paraplegia
loss of movement in legs and lower body
syncope
faint, sudden loss of consciousness
Alzheimer disease
deterioration of mental capacity (irreversible dementia) marked by intellectual deterioration, disorganization of personality
cerebrovascular accident
CVA - stroke blood prevented from reaching the cerebrum - brain cells die
stomatoplasty
plastic surgery or reconstruction of mouth
proctitis
inflammation of anus and rectum
cholelithiasis
abnormal condition of gall stones
gastrectomy
excision / removal of stomach
pharyngotomy
incision of pharynx
hepatoma
cancer of the cells in the liver
cirrhosis
liver disease with deterioration of liver cells
diverticulosis
abnormal condition of pouches and lining in intestine
jaundice
orange / yellow coloration of skin and other tissues condition of accumulation of bilirubin
Chron’s disease
inflammation of GI tract - type of inflammatory bowel disease
polyps
growth or mass - benign - protruding from a mucous membrane
pulmonary perfusion scan
radioactive particles are injected intravenously and travel rapidly to areas of the lung that are adequately filled with blood. regions of obstructed blood flow caused by tumor, blood clot, swelling, and inflammation can be seen as nonradioactive areas on the scan
