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Chemistry 1210 > Med Terms > Flashcards

Med Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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3
Q

epitheli/o

A

epithelium

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4
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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5
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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6
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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7
Q

lip/0

A

fat

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8
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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9
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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10
Q

organ/o

A

organ

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11
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

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12
Q

system/o

A

system

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13
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

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14
Q

cancer/o, carcin/o

A

cancer

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15
Q

eti/o

A

cause

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16
Q

gno/o

A

knowledge

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17
Q

iatr/o

A

physician, medicine

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18
Q

lei/o

A

smooth

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19
Q

onc/o

A

tumor, mass

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20
Q

path/o

A

disease

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21
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod-shaped, striated

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22
Q

somat/o

A

body

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23
Q

chlor/o

A

green

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24
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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25
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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26
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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27
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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28
Q

melan/o

A

black

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29
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

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30
Q

dia-

A

throught, complete

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31
Q

dys-

A

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

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32
Q

hyper-

A

above, excessive

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33
Q

hypo-

A

below, incomplete, deficient, under

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34
Q

meta-

A

after, beyond, change

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35
Q

neo-

A

new

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36
Q

pro-

A

before

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37
Q

-al, -ic, -ous

A

pertaining to

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38
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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39
Q

-gen

A

substance or agent that produces or causes

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40
Q

-genic

A

producing, originating, causing

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41
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats

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42
Q

-logy

A

study of

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43
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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44
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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45
Q

-oma

A

tumor, swelling

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46
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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47
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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48
Q

-plasia

A

condition of formation, development, growth

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49
Q

-plasm

A

growth, substance, formation

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50
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor

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51
Q

-sis

A

state of

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52
Q

-stasis

A

control, stop, standing

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53
Q

afebrile

A

without fever

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54
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death, a mechanism for cell deletion to regulate cell population, or destroy damaged or defective cells. some cancers disrupt apoptosis; cells lose their ability to die and live indefinitely.

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55
Q

benign (bene)

A

not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery (well or good)

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56
Q

biological therapy

A

treatment of cancer with biological response modifier that works with the immune system

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57
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue

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58
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment of cancer with drugs

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59
Q

encapsulated

A

enclosed within a capsule, as with benign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated

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60
Q

exacerbation

A

increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms

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61
Q

febrile

A

having a fever

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62
Q

hospice

A

provides palliative or supportive care for terminally ill patients and their families

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63
Q

idiopathic

A

pertaining to disease of unknown origin

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64
Q

inflammation

A

localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat and pain

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65
Q

in vitro

A

outside the body or in a lab setting

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66
Q

in vivo

A

with in the living body

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67
Q

malignant (mal)

A

tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer (bad)

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68
Q

morbidity

A

state of being diseased; incidence of illness in a population

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69
Q

mortality

A

state of being mortal; incidence of the number of deaths in a population

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70
Q

palliative

A

providing relief but not cure

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71
Q

radiation therapy (XRT)

A

treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation

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72
Q

remission

A

improvement or absence of signs of disease

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73
Q

-a

A

-ae

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74
Q

-ax

A

-aces

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75
Q

-is

A

-es

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76
Q

-ix

A

-ices

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77
Q

-ma

A

-mata

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78
Q

-nx

A

-nges

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79
Q

-on

A

-a

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80
Q

-sis

A

-ses

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81
Q

-um

A

-a

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82
Q

-us

A

-i

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83
Q

-y

A

-ies

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84
Q

CA

A

carcinoma

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85
Q

chemo

A

chemotherapy

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86
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

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87
Q

METS

A

metastases

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88
Q

Px

A

prognosis

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89
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

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90
Q

XRT

A

radiation therapy

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91
Q

WBC

A

white blood cells

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92
Q

anter/0

A

front

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93
Q

caud/o

A

tail (downward)

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94
Q

cephal/o

A

head (upward)

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95
Q

dist/o

A

away (from the point of attachment of a body part)

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96
Q

dors/o

A

back

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97
Q

infer/o

A

below

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98
Q

later/o

A

side

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99
Q

medi/o

A

middle

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100
Q

poster/o

A

back / behind

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101
Q

proxim/o

A

near (the point of attachment of a body part)

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102
Q

super/o

A

above

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103
Q

ventr/o

A

belly(front)

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104
Q

bi-

A

two

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105
Q

uni-

A

one

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106
Q

-ad

A

toward

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107
Q

-ior

A

pertaining too

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108
Q

frontal or coronal plane

A

vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

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109
Q

midsagittal

A

vertical plane passing through the body from front to back at the midline, dividing the body equally into right and left halves

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110
Q

parasagittal

A

vertical plane passing through the body from front to back at the midline, dividing the body equally into right and left halves

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111
Q

sagittal

A

vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, dividing the body into right and left sides (any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane)

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112
Q

transverse

A

horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

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113
Q

Fowler position

A

semi-sitting position with slight elevation of the knees

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114
Q

lateral recumbent position

A

lying on side; right and left precede the term to indicate the patient’s side

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115
Q

lithotomy position

A

lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups, hips and knees flexed, thighs abducted and externally rotated

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116
Q

orthopnea position

A

sitting upright in a chair or in bed supported by pillows behind the back. sometimes the patient tilts forward resting on a pillow supported by and overbed table

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117
Q

prone position

A

lying on abdomen, facing downward

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118
Q

recumbent position (decubitus)

A

lying down in any position

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119
Q

Sims position

A

lying on side in a semi-prone position with the knees drawn up toward chest and the arms drawn behind parallel to the back. right and left precede the term to indicate the patient’s right or left side. Originally, the term specifically indicated the patient’s left; therefore, if the term Sims position is used without a description of right or left, it is assumed the patient is to be placed on the left side.

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120
Q

supine position

A

lying on back, facing upward (also called dorsal recumbent position)

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121
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet

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122
Q

umbilical region

A

around the navel

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123
Q

lumbar regions

A

to the right and left of the umbilical region, near the waist

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124
Q

epigastric region

A

superior to the umbilical region

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125
Q

hypochondriac regions

A

to the right and left of the epigastric region

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126
Q

hypogastric region

A

inferior to the umbilical region

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127
Q

iliac regions (inguinal)

A

to the right and left of the hypogastric region, near the groin

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128
Q

RUQ

A

liver, gallbladder, medial of the pancreas, portions of the small and large intestines

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129
Q

LUQ

A

liver, stomach, spleen, lateral of the pancreas, portions of the small and large intestines

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130
Q

RLQ

A

small and large intestines, appendix, ureter, right ovary, uterine (W), spermatic duct (M)

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131
Q

LLQ

A

small and large intestines, ureter, ovary, uterine tube (W), spermatic duct (M)

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132
Q

ant

A

anterior

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133
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior

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134
Q

inf

A

inferior

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135
Q

lat

A

lateral

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136
Q

med

A

medial

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137
Q

PA

A

posteroanterior

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138
Q

sup

A

superior

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139
Q

skin

A

organ covering the body; made up of layers

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140
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of skin; protects the body from an external environment

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141
Q

keratin

A

scleroprotein component of the horny, or cornified, layer of the epidermis. Also, the primary component of the hair and nails

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142
Q

melanin

A

dark pigment produced by melonocytes; amount present determines skin color

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143
Q

hair

A

compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers

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144
Q

nails

A

horny plates made from flattened epithelial cells; found on the dorsal surface of the ends of the fingers and toes

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145
Q

sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

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146
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

(sweat) tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin’s surface and secrete sweat

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147
Q

dermis

A

inner layer of skin; responsible for its flexibility and mechanical strength

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148
Q

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

A

skin

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149
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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150
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissue, hard

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151
Q

onych/, ungu/o

A

nail

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152
Q

seb/o

A

sebum

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153
Q

auto/o

A

self

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154
Q

bi/o

A

life

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155
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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156
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

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157
Q

heter/o

A

other

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158
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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159
Q

necr/o

A

death

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160
Q

pachy/o

A

thick

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161
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkles

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162
Q

staphyl/o

A

grapelike clusters

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163
Q

strept/o

A

twisted chains

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164
Q

xer/o

A

dry, dryness

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165
Q

epi-

A

on, upon, over

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166
Q

intra-

A

within

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167
Q

para-

A

beside, beyond, around, abnormal

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168
Q

per-

A

through

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169
Q

sub-

A

under, below

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170
Q

trans-

A

through, across, beyond

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171
Q

-coccus, -cocci

A

berry-shaped

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172
Q

-ectomy

A

excision or surgical removal

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173
Q

-ia

A

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

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174
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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175
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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176
Q

-opsy

A

view of, viewing

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177
Q

-phagia

A

eating or swallowing

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178
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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179
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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180
Q

-tome

A

instrument used to cut

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181
Q

abrasion

A

scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury

182
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus

183
Q

acne

A

inflammatory disease of the skin involving sebaceous glands and hair follicles

184
Q

actinic keratosis

A

precacerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. it may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma

185
Q

albinism

A

congenital hereditary condition characterized by the partial or total lake of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

186
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

A

a malignant epithelial tumor arising from the bottom layer of the epidermis called the basal layer; it seldom metastasizes, but invades local tissue and may recur in the same location. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure

187
Q

candidiasis

A

infection of the skin, mouth (thrush), or vagina caused by yeast-type fungus. Candida is normally present in the mucous membranes; overgrowth causes an infection. Esophageal candidiasis is often seen in patients with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

188
Q

carbuncle

A

infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue composed of a cluster of boils caused by staphylococcal bateria

189
Q

cellulitis

A

inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection; characterized by redness, pain, heat and swelling

190
Q

contusion (bruise)

A

injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling and discoloration

191
Q

eczema

A

noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching

192
Q

fissure

A

slit or cracklike sore in the skin

193
Q

furuncle (boil)

A

painful skin nodule caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle

194
Q

gangrene

A

death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion

195
Q

herpes

A

inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters. Many types of herpes exist. Herpes simplex virus type 1, for example, cause fever blisters; herpes zoster, also called shingles, is characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow nerves inflamed by the virus

196
Q

impetigo

A

superfical skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci

197
Q

infection

A

invasion of pathogens in body tissue. An acute infection may remain localized if the body’s defense mechanisms are effective or may persist to become subacute or chronic. A systemic infection occurs when the pathogen causing a local infection gains access to the vascular or lymphatic system and becomes disseminated throughout the body.

198
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spread through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs; frequently seen as AIDS

199
Q

laceration

A

torn, ragged-edged wound

200
Q

lesion

A

any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease. it is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors

201
Q

MRSA infection

A

invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to methicillin and other antibiotics It can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated. MRSA is quite common in hospitals and long-term care facilities but is increasingly emerging as an important infection in the general population

202
Q

pediculosis

A

invasion into the skin and hair by lice

203
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

204
Q

rosacea

A

chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules and abnormal dilation of tiny blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older that 30 years

205
Q

scabies

A

skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruption that is caused by the female burrowing into the out layer of skin and laying eggs. This condition is accompanied by severe itching.

206
Q

scleroderma

A

disease characterized by chronic hardening of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs

207
Q

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

A

malignant growth developing from scale-like epithelial tissue of the surface layer of the epidermis; it invades local tissue and may metastasize. while most commonly appearing on the skin, SCC can occur in other parts of the body including the mouth, lips, and genitals, the most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight

208
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. this autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbations. it also may affect other organs.

209
Q

tinea

A

fungal infection of the skin. The fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair, nails. Tinea, in general, is also called ringworm, and tinea pedis is athletes foot.

210
Q

urticaria (hives)

A

itchy skin eruption composed of wheal of varying sizes and shapes. Urticaria is sometimes associated with infections and with allergic reactions to food, medicine, or other agents. other causes include internal disease, physical stimuli, and genetic disorders

211
Q

vitiligo

A

white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes

212
Q

alopecia

A

loss of hair

213
Q

bacteria

A

single celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue

214
Q

cicatrix

A

scar

215
Q

cyst

A

closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material

216
Q

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A

herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised

217
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating

218
Q

ecchymosis

A

escape of blood into the skin causing a small, flat, purple, or blue discoloration as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein

219
Q

edema

A

puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid

220
Q

erythema

A

redness

221
Q

fungus

A

organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surrounding and may cause infection by invading body tissue; single (yeast), multi-celled (mold)

222
Q

induration

A

abnormal hard spots or area of skin; may include underlying tissue

223
Q

jaundice

A

condition characterized by a yellow coloring of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera (whites of eyes) caused by the presences of bile

224
Q

keloid

A

overgrowth of scar tissue

225
Q

leukoplakia

A

condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membrane, which may be precancerous

226
Q

macule

A

flat, colored spot on skin

227
Q

nevus (mole)

A

circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black or flesh colored. the congenital nevus is present at birth and is referred to as a birthmark

228
Q

nodule

A

small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch

229
Q

pallor

A

paleness

230
Q

papule

A

small, solid skin elevation

231
Q

petechia

A

pinpoint skin hemorrhage

232
Q

pressure injury

A

damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients; the injury, which may be painful, can present as intact skin or an open ulcer

233
Q

pruritus

A

itching

234
Q

purpura

A

small hemorrhages in the skin, giving a purple-red discoloration; associated with blood disorders or vascular abnormalites

235
Q

pustule

A

elevation of skin containing pus

236
Q

ulcer

A

erosion of skin or mucous membrane

237
Q

verruca

A

circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus

238
Q

vesicle (blister)

A

small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid

239
Q

virus

A

minute microorganism, much smaller than a bacterium, characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within living host cells; may cause infection by invading body tissue

240
Q

wheal

A

tranistory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area; a wheal is an individual urticaria lesion

241
Q

BCC

A

basal cell carcinoma

242
Q

bx

A

biopsy

243
Q

CMV

A

cytomegalovirus

244
Q

CA-MRSA

A

community-associated MRSA infection

245
Q

derm

A

dermatology

246
Q

HA-MRSA

A

healthcare-associated MRSA infection

247
Q

I&D

A

incision and drainage

248
Q

ID

A

intradermal

249
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

250
Q

SCC

A

squamous cell carcinoma

251
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

252
Q

staph

A

staphlococcus

253
Q

strep

A

streptlococcus

254
Q

subcut

A

subcutaneous

255
Q

TD

A

transdermal

256
Q

nose

A

line with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air

257
Q

nasal septum

A

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

258
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

air cavities with the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

259
Q

pharynx (throat)

A

serves as a food and air passageway. air enters from the nasal cavities and/or mouth and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus

260
Q

adenoids

A

lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity

261
Q

tonsils

A

lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx

262
Q

larynx (voice box)

A

location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx

263
Q

epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

264
Q

trachea (windpipe)

A

passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx

265
Q

bronchus

A

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. the branching resembles a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree.

266
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree

267
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries

268
Q

thorax

A

chest, the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs. thoracic cavity is the hollow space between the neck and diaphragm

269
Q

lungs

A

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. the right lung consists of three lobes and the left lung has two lobes

270
Q

pleura

A

double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between, call the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid

271
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. it aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out

272
Q

mediastinum

A

space between the lungs. it contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures

273
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

274
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus

275
Q

broch/o, bronchi/o

A

bronchus

276
Q

diaphragmat/o, phren/o

A

diaphragm

277
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

278
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

279
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

280
Q

nas/o, rhin/o

A

nose

281
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

282
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

283
Q

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

A

lung, air

284
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

285
Q

sept/o

A

septum

286
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus

287
Q

thorac/o

A

thorax, chest, chest cavity

288
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

289
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

290
Q

atel/o

A

imperfect, incomplet

291
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

292
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

293
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

294
Q

orth/o

A

straight

295
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

296
Q

phon/o

A

sound, voice

297
Q

py/o

A

pus

298
Q

radi/o

A

xrays, ionizing radiation

299
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

300
Q

son/o

A

sound

301
Q

spir/o

A

breathe, breathing

302
Q

tom/o

A

to cut, section, or slice

303
Q

a-, an-

A

absense of, without

304
Q

endo-

A

within

305
Q

eu-

A

normal, good

306
Q

poly-

A

many, much

307
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

308
Q

-algia

A

pain

309
Q

-ar, -ary, -eal

A

pertaining to

310
Q

-cele

A

hernia or protrusion

311
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

312
Q

-ectasis

A

stretching out, dilation, expansion

313
Q

-emia

A

in the blood

314
Q

-gram

A

the record, radiographic image

315
Q

-graph

A

instrument used to record ; the record

316
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording, radiographic imaging

317
Q

-meter

A

instrument used to measure

318
Q

-metry

A

measurement

319
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation, suspension

320
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

321
Q

-rrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood, excessive bleeding

322
Q

-scope

A

instrument used for visual examination

323
Q

-scopic

A

pertaining to visual examination

324
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

325
Q

-spasm

A

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

326
Q

-stenosis

A

constriction or narrowing

327
Q

-stomy

A

creation of an artificial opening

328
Q

-thorax

A

chest, chest cavity

329
Q

-tomy

A

cut into, incision

330
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. ARDS is respiratory failure in an adult.

331
Q

asthma

A

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of bresath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways taht is reversible between attacks

332
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema are the two main componets of COPD

333
Q

coccidioidomycosis

A

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body

334
Q

croup

A

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. it may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in childern

335
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency and other symptoms

336
Q

deviated septum

A

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

337
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed (rhinorrhagia)

338
Q

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

A

chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduce the. capacity of the lungs; etiology unknown. IPF most often affects adults over the age of 50. Lung transplant

339
Q

influenza

A

highly contagious and often sever viral infection of the respiratory tract

340
Q

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

repetitve pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to transient periods of apnea; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

341
Q

pertussis (whooping cough)

A

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration

342
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma

343
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure

344
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

matter foreing to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number. Blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremites are teh most common source of pulmonary embolism

345
Q

pulmonary emphysema

A

loss of elasticty of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung. As a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen

346
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usaully affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs

347
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx usually caused by a virus

348
Q

chest computed tomography (CT)

A

computerized radiographic images of the chest performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion

349
Q

chest radiograph (CXR)

A

radiographic image of the cest performed to evaluate the lungs and heart

350
Q

lung ventilation/perfusion scan (VQ)

A

two nuclear scan tesets, one to measure air flow throught the lungs, and one to measure circulation to. all areas of the lungs. A VQ scan is used most often to help diagnose or rule out a pulmonary embolism

351
Q

acid-fast bacilli (AFB)

A

test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, TB

352
Q

sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

pathogencic bacteria test

353
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

test performed on arterial blo0d to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH

354
Q

peak flow meter (PFM

A

portable instrument used to. measure air flow early in forced exhalation; helps monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly

355
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

measure breathing capacity

356
Q

auscultation

A

listening through a stethoscope for sounds within the body which are abnormal

357
Q

percussion

A

tapping body surface to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained.

358
Q

PPD skin test

A

TB skin test

359
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

360
Q

airway

A

passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed

361
Q

asphyxia

A

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use

362
Q

aspirate

A

to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the repiratory tract

363
Q

bronchoconstrictor

A

agent causing narrowing of the bronchi

364
Q

bronchodilator

A

agent causing the bronchi to widen

365
Q

crackles

A

discontinuous sounds

366
Q

hyperventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

367
Q

hypoventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body’s gas exchange needs

368
Q

mucopurulent

A

containing both mucus and pus

369
Q

mucus

A

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous and membrane

370
Q

nebulizer

A

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

371
Q

nosocomial infection

A

an infection acquired uring hospitalization

372
Q

paroxysm

A

periodic, sudden attack

373
Q

patent

A

open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of aire, as in patent trachea and bronchi

374
Q

rhonchi

A

low-pitched, with snoring quality, breath sounds heard with stethoscope suggesting secretions in the large airways

375
Q

sputum

A

mucous secretion fromm the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

376
Q

stridor

A

harsh, high-pitched breath sound heard on inspiration

377
Q

ventilator

A

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing

378
Q

kidneys

A

two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity covered anteriorly by the parietal peritoneum. Theri function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances

379
Q

nephron

A

urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney

380
Q

glomerulus

A

cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. The process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here.

381
Q

renal pelvis

A

funnel-shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

382
Q

hilum

A

indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney

383
Q

ureters

A

two slender tubes, approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder.

384
Q

urinary bladder

A

muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. As it fills, the thick muscular walls becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size.

385
Q

urethra

A

lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary blader to the outside of the body. This narrow tube varies in length by sex. 1.5 in females and 8 in males (also part of the reproductive system).

386
Q

urinary meatus

A

opening through which the urine passes to the outside.

387
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder, sac

388
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

389
Q

meat/o

A

meatus (opening)

390
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

391
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

392
Q

ureter/0

A

ureter

393
Q

urethr/

A

urethra

394
Q

alumin/o

A

albumin

395
Q

azot/o

A

urea, nitrogen

396
Q

blast/o

A

developing cell, germ cell

397
Q

glyc/o, glycos/o

A

sugar

398
Q

hydro/o

A

water

399
Q

lith/o

A

stone, calculus

400
Q

noct/i

A

night

401
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, few

402
Q

urin/o, ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

403
Q

-iasis, -esis

A

condition

404
Q

-lysis

A

loosening, dissolution, separating

405
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping, sagging, prolapse

406
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suturing, reparing

407
Q

-tripsy

A

sugical crushing

408
Q

-uria

A

urine, urination

409
Q

epispadias

A

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

410
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis. Females may also have a form of hypospadias where the urinary meatus is unusually located

411
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine

412
Q

renal calculus

A

stone in the kidney

413
Q

renal failure

A

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance

414
Q

renal hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

415
Q

urinary retention

A

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

416
Q

urinary suppression

A

sudden stoppage of urine formation

417
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

418
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shockwaves. Stone fragments are eliminated from the body in urine

419
Q

fulguration

A

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark

420
Q

renal transplant

A

surgical implantation of a down kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

421
Q

KUB

A

simple radiographic image of the abdomen. It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location. Also used to identify radiopaque calculi in the kidney, ureters, or bladder, or to diagnose intestinal obstruction

422
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood. An increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function

423
Q

creatinine

A

blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function

424
Q

specific gravity (SG)

A

test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidney.

425
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen. Visual examination and chemical analysis of a urine specimen provides screening for blood, glucose, protein, and other substances in the urine and offers a picture of overal health.

426
Q

catheter (cath)

A

flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids

427
Q

distended

A

stretched out

428
Q

electrolytes

A

minerals in the body, such as sodium and potassium, that carry an electrolyte charge. Electrolyte balance is necessary for the body to function normally and is maintained by kidneys

429
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urination. Nocturnal enuresis and Diurnal enuresis

430
Q

hemodialysis (HD)

A

procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

431
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control the bladder and/or bowels

432
Q

micturate (urinate)

A

to pass urine

433
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis

434
Q

stricture

A

abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture

435
Q

urinal

A

receptacle for urine

436
Q

urinary catheterization

A

passage of a catheter into the. urinary bladder to withdraw urine

437
Q

urodynamics

A

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract. Urodynamic studies examine the process of voiding and test bladder tone, capacity, and pressure along with urine flow and perineal muscle function. An enlarged prostate and urethral stricture will diminish urine flow rate

438
Q

void

A

to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine

439
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

440
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

441
Q

cath

A

catherterization, catheter

442
Q

CKD

A

chronic kidney disease

443
Q

ESRD

A

end stage renal disease

444
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

445
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

446
Q

OAB

A

overactive bladder

447
Q

SG

A

specific gravity

448
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

449
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

450
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrogram

Chemistry 1210 (3 decks)

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