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Med Term > Med Term Chapter 7 Urinary System > Flashcards

Med Term Chapter 7 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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2
Q

calciferol

A

active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

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3
Q

calyx or calix (pl)

A

cup-like collecting region of the real pelvis. term comes form Greek kalux meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud

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4
Q

catheter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluids

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5
Q

cortex

A

outer region of an organ. renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.

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6
Q

cortical

A

pertaining to the kidney

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7
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

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8
Q

creatinine clearance

A

is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood.

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9
Q

electrolyte

A

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. necessary for functioning of muschles and nerves.

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10
Q

kidneys maintain

A

the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and sodium (NA+) are electrolytes

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11
Q

erythopoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow.

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12
Q

-poietin

A

means a substance that forms.

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13
Q

filtration

A

process whereby some substances, but not all pass thru a filter

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14
Q

glomerular capsule

A

enclosing a structure surround each glomerulus. the glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman’s capsule and it collects the material that is filtered form the blood thru the walls of the glomerulus.

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15
Q

glomerulus or glomeruli (pl)

A

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

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16
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels

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17
Q

hilum

A

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. latin meaning a small thing. also used in the respiratory system to mark the depression in the lung where blood vessels, bronchus and lymphatic vessels enter and leave.

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18
Q

kidney

A

one of the 2 bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters out nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to the urine.

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19
Q

meatus

A

opening or canal

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20
Q

medulla

A

inner region of an organ. Latin medulla meaning marrow

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21
Q

renal medulla

A

inner region of the kidney.

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22
Q

medullary cavity

A

in long bones is the innermost part containing red and yellow marrow.

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23
Q

nephron

A

combination of glomerulus and real tube where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. the functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

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24
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. i.e. urea, uric acid and creatinine.

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25
Q

potassium (K+)

A

electrolyte regulated by the kidney so the a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.

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26
Q

reabsorption

A

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

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27
Q

renal artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

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28
Q

renal pelvis

A

central collecting region in the kidney

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29
Q

renal tubule

A

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.

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30
Q

renal vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

31
Q

renin

A

hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels.)

32
Q

sodium (Na+)

A

electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity and other metabolic functions.

33
Q

trigone

A

triangular area in the urinary bladder

34
Q

urea

A

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

35
Q

ureter

A

one of the two tubes leading form the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

36
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

37
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.

38
Q

urinary bladder

A

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

39
Q

urination (voiding)

A

process of expelling urine

40
Q

micturition

A

process of expelling urine

41
Q

4 functions of the kidneys

A

remove nitrogenous wastes
balance water and electrolytes
release hormones
degrade and eliminate hormones from the bloodstream

42
Q

nitrogenous wastes removed by the kidneys

A

urea
creatinine
uric acid

43
Q

hormones that the kidneys release

A

renin
erythropoietin
calciferol

44
Q

cali/o or calic/o

A

calyx (calix); cup shaped

45
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

46
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

47
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

48
Q

nephro/o

A

kidney

49
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

50
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

51
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone (region of the bladder)

52
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

53
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

54
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

55
Q

albumio/o

A

albumin ( a protein in the blood)

56
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen

57
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

58
Q

disp/o

A

thirst

59
Q

kal/o

A

potassium

60
Q

ket/o keton/o

A

ketone bodies both ketoacids and acetone.

61
Q

lith/o

A

stone

62
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

63
Q

noct/o

A

night

64
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

65
Q

-poietin

A

substance that forms

66
Q

py/o

A

pus

67
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

68
Q

ur/o

A

urine

69
Q

urin/o

A

urine

70
Q

-uria

A

urination; urine condition

71
Q

when foods containing proteins are used by the cells in the body…

A

nitrogenous waste products are released.

72
Q

Urine is composed of

A

water, salts and acids

73
Q

kidneys adjust the amounts of water and electrolytes by

A

secreting some substances into the urine and holding back others in the bloodstream.

Med Term (4 decks)

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