Med Surg: Respiratory Basic Terms and Assessment Flashcards
What are the primary functions of respiratory function?
PRovide oxygen for metaolism in the tissues
Remove carbon dioxide, the waste product of the metabolism
What are the secondary function of the respiratory function?
Facilitate the sense of smell
Produce speech
Maintain acid-base balance
Maintain body water levels
Maintain heat balance
What are risk factors for respiratory disorders?
Alleries
Chest injury
Crowded living conditions
Exposure to chemicals and environmental pollutants
Family history of infectious disease
Frequent respiratory illnesses
Geographic residence and travel to foreign countries
Smoking
Surgery
Use of chewing tobacco
What are the volumes of alterations in REspiratory Function?
Tidal volume: volume of air inhaled and exhaled with every breath
INspiratory reserve volume: maximal amound of air that can be inhaled forcefully after normal inhalation
Expiratory reserve volume: additional air that can be exhaled after normal exhalation
REsidiual volume: amount of air remaining in lungs after forceful exhalation
What are the capacities of respiratory function?
Totaly lung capacity: Max volume of air that lungs can contain
Functional residual capacity: volume of air remaining in lungs at end of normal exhalation
Vital capacity: maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inspiration
INspiratory capacity: Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled after normal expiration
What is ventilation-perfusion?
Ventilation: inspiration and expiration
Perfusion: blood flow to the lungs.
Pulmonary: supply to the lung and alveoli for exchange
Bronchial: thoracic aorta and supplies the bronchi and pulmonary tissues
Diffusion: movment of oxygen and CO across alveolar capillary membrance
PaO2: amount oxygen dissolved in plasma
SaO2: amount oxygen bound to hemoglobin
What are the assessments of respiratory function?
Pain
Cough
Sputum: hemoptysis
Dyspnea: orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Color
Clubbing of nails
Yellow nail syndrome
Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation
Fatigue
What is the physical assessment for respiratory function?
Observation: barrel chest, position, use of accessory muscles
Auscultation: normal breath sounds of tracheal, bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular and abnormal breath sounds (Crackles, wheezes, rhonchi, pleural friction rub)
