Med Surg: Oncologic Nursing Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is oncologic nursing?

A

Major physiologic, psychologic and social impact on the individual, caregivers and families.

Nursing needs to educate individuals to understand, reduce and eliminate their cancer risk, comply with cancer management regimens and cope with effects of cancer and related treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are factors the influence cancer development?

A

Chemical: smoking, industrial, meds

Radiation: gas, sun, radium, uranium, cosmic rays

Viral: Hep B&C, HPV, Helicobactor pylori, Epstein Barr Virus, AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are features of cancer cells?

A

Rapid or continuous cell division: no controlling mechanism

Anaplasia: dont look like parent cells

Large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ration

Loose adherence: no useful purpose

Migration: look adherance, easy move things

No contact inhibition

Abnormal chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cancer development?

A

Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis are names for cancer development

Malignant transformation occurs through these steps:

Initiation: beginning, exposure to cell mutation

Promotion: continue to grow and stimulate body

Progression: blood supply, cells change

Metastasis: break off to other sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the steps of metastasis progression?

A

Extension into surrounding tissues

Blood vessel penetration

Release of tumor cells

Invasion

Local seeding

Bloodborne metastasis

Lymphatic spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the classifications of cancer?

A

Anatomic site

Histology

Extent of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the reasons to classify cancer?

A

Communicate status of cencer to healthcare team

Assist in determining most effective treatment plan

Evaluate the treatement plan

Predict prognosis

Compare like groups for statistical purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are examples of where cancer spreads?

A

Breast: bone (vasuclar), lung

Lung: brain

Prostate: bone (spine and legs)

Colorectal: Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the cancer classifications (anatomic site)?

A

Epithelial: carcinoma

Glandular: adenocarcinoma

Connective, muscle and bone: sarcoma

Brain and spinal cord: glioma

Pigment cells: melanoma

Plasma cels: myeloma

Lymphatic tissue: lymphoma

Leukocytes: leukemia

Erythrocytes: erthroleukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are ways to detect and prevent cancer?

A

Prevention: avoidance of known or potential carcinogens, lifestyle changes

Detection: mammogram, pap test, stools for occult blood, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, BSE, TSE, skin inspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are seven warning signs of cancer?

A

C: change in bowel or bladder habits

A: a sore that does not heal

U: unusual bleeding or discharge from any body orifice

T: thickening or a lump in the breast or elsewhere

I: indigestion or diffficulty in swallowing

O: obvious change in a wart or mole

N: nagging cough or hoarseness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly