Med Surg: Major Cancers Flashcards
Lung Cancer
Leading cause of cancer deaths
Poor long-term survival because late-stage diagnosis
Origination typicall bronchial
Symptoms: persistant cough, SOB, hoarseness, hemoptosis, chest pain, voice change, URI
What are risk factors for lung cancer?
Smoking
pollution
asbestos
environmental exposures
What is the screening/detectuib for lung cancer?
xray
MRI
biopsy
What is the diagnosis for lung cancer?
advance stage when caught
What is the prognosis for lung cancer?
53% when at local stage
5 year survival rate
What is the treatment for lung cancer?
Chemo: signs metastasis, not all lung cancer responds well
Radiation: esophagitis, dysphagia
Surgery: lobectomy, pnemonectomy, spare as much tissue as possible
What is surgical management of lung cancer?
lobectomy
Pneumonectomy
Segmentectomy
Wedge resection
What is terminal care of lung cancer?
palliation: radiation due to decrease blood supply
Hospice
Symptom Management: pain, oxygen, bronchodial, corticosteriods, mycolytics, fears
What are the risk factors of breast cancer?
Increases with age
Tend to run in families
Delayed/no childbearing
Increase of breast density
What are the signs of breast cancer in men?
usually presents as a hard, painless, subareolar mass
Widely spread disease because it is usually detected at a later stage then wormen
What is the treatement of breast cancer?
Chemo used prophylactically when premenopausal
Horomone therapy if positive for hormonal growth factors
What is the prevention of breast cancer?
maintain normal weight
low fat diet
early detection
What is the surgical care of breast cancer?
improved
lumpectomy
avoid radical masectomy
What are surgical complications in breast cancer?
radiation common with lumpectomy
Chemo used with node involvement
Mestatsis
Premenopause
What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?
Age older then 50 years
Genetic predisposition
personal or family history of cancer
familial adenomatous polyposis
What are the most common signs of colon cancer?
rectal bleeding
anemia
change in stool
What are the stages of nonsurgical management?
Stage I: tumor invased to the muscle layer
Stage 2: tumore invased to the other organ or perforates peritoneum
Stage 3: any level of tumor invasion and upto 4 regional lympth nodes
Stage 4: any level of tumor invasion; many lymph nodes affected with distant metastasis
What is the screening/detection of colon canceR?
hemocoult ctool after 50
Digital rectal exams after 50
colonscopy
What are the treatments for colon cancer?
Colon resection
Abdominoperineal resection
Colonstomy
What is the prevention of colon cancer?
Diet modification (fiber)
Aspirin therapy
Dietary calcium supplement
Laboratoy Assessment
Hemoglobin and hematocrit values usually decrease
Fecal occult blood test
Possible elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen
imaging assessment
What are the risk factors of prostate cancer?
age 75% about 65
PSA levels
decrease urinary streatm
nocturia
difficult void
low back pain
What is the screening for prostate cancer?
first symptoms realtaed to bladded neck obstrution
digital rectal exam
prostate-specific antigen
biopsy necessary to confirm suspected prostatic cancer
What are the surgical procedures for prostate cancer?
Transurethral resection of the prostate
Suprapubic prostatectomy
Retropubic prostatectomy
Perineal prostatectomy
What is continuous bladder irrigation
3-way urinary catheter with a 30-45 ml retention balloon through the urethra into the bladder
traction via taping to patient abdomen or thrigh
uncomfortable urge to void continuously
antispasmodic meds
What is the Post-Op care of radical prostatectomy?
Hydration with IV therapy
caring for wound drains
preventing emboli
preventing pulmonary complications
antibiotics
analgestics
What are complicaiotns?
urinary incontinence
erectile dysfunction
What is nonsurgical management of prostate cancer?
radiation
Hormonal therapy
Chemotherapy
What is the imaging assessment for head and neck cancer?
CT
chest xray
MRI
What are interventions for head and neck cancer?
radiation
Chemotherapy
cordectomy
laryngectomy
What is laryngectomy Postoperative care?
First priorities are airway maintenance and ventilation
Wound, flap and reconstructive tissue care
Hemorrhage
Wound breakdown
Pain management
Nurtirion
Speech and language rehabilitation
What are communication problems after laryngectomy?
Esophageal speech
What is community based care for cancer?
Home care management
Health teaching: stoma care, communication, smoking cessation
Psychosocial preparation
Health care resources
