Med/Surg HESI review

Question 1

What foods should someone taking anticoagulants avoid and why?

Answer 1

Foods high in Vitamin K should be avoided (i.e. leafy green veggies, fish, liver, coffee, and tea) because they help with blood clotting

Question 2

What are the signs an symptoms of air embolism?

Answer 2

chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxia, anxiety, tachycardia, and hypotension
There might also be a loud churning sound over the pt’s chest

Question 3

Pt teaching regarding incentive spirometry

Answer 3

• assume a semi/high fowler’s position
• tightly and completely cover the mouthpiece
• inhale slowly at a constant rate
• hold breath for 2-3 seconds
• exhale slowly

Question 4

What does fluctuation of the fluid level in the water-seal chamber of a chest tube drainage system indicate?

Answer 4

good finding; a patent drainage system. The water level should rise with inspiration and fall with expiration

Question 5

What does no fluctuation of the fluid level in the water-seal chamber of a chest tube drainage system indicate?

Answer 5

• it isn’t working properly

There can be an obstruction in the tube or the lung could have re-expanded.

Question 6

What does excessive bubbling in the water seal chamber of a chest tube drainage system indicate?

Answer 6

There may be an air leak.

If there is excessive and vigorous bubbling then the suction might need to be decreased.

Question 7

What do you do when a chest tube is dislodged from the insertion site?

Answer 7

• apply a sterile dressing and then call the HCP

Question 8

Leflunomide (Arava)

Answer 8

immunomodulatory agent w/ anti-inflammatory action

• used for rheumatoid arthritis

common side effect: diarrhea

Question 9

What position should someone be put in following a tonsillectomy?

Answer 9

prone or sidelying to facilitate drainage

Question 10

Lamivudine (Epivir)

Answer 10

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and antiviral

It is used to treat HIV, chronic hepatitis B and prophylaxticly for health care workers who are at risk of aquiring the HIV infection after exposure to the virus

Question 11

What is the therapeutic range for digoxin?

Answer 11

1.0-2.0 ng/mL

Question 12

Describe gastric ulcer pain

Answer 12

• occurs in the upper epigastrium with localization to the left of th midline
• exacerbated by intake of food (30-60 min after)

Question 13

What is the immediate primary complication of an amputation and what do you need to ensure is present in the room?

Answer 13

• hemorrhage

- surgical tourniquet

Question 14

What is miniere’s disease?

Answer 14

disorder of the inner ear that causes spontaneous episodes of vertigo alone with fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear

Question 15

Diet for pt with minieres disease

Answer 15

low-salt diet
no caffine
avoid sugar and alcohol

Question 16

s/s of TB

Answer 16

• low grade fever
• weight loss
• pallor
• chills
• night sweats
• productive cough with a scant amount of mucus
• possible blood-stained sputum
• dyspnea and chest pain are late signs of the disease

Question 17

Foods high in potassium

Answer 17

bananas
cantaloupe
kiwi
oranges

Question 18

cardiovascular manifestations of HYPOcalcemia

Answer 18

decrease HR
diminished peripheral pulses
hypotension
prolonged ST and QT interval

Question 19

How much time do you need to administer Lasix over?

Answer 19

1-2 minutes

1min per q 40 mg

Question 20

Pt teaching regarding measles in children

Answer 20

THINK: EYE CARE

• child has photophobia so keep child out of brightly lit area
• avoid warm baths because it will aggravate itching
• child needs rest

Question 21

cyclosporine (Sandimmune)

Answer 21

immunosuppressant

• must contact HCP prior to any vaccines
• report decreased UO or cloudy urine
• meticulous oral care and dental cleaning is needed q 3 months
• must check for hypertension

Question 22

What is ticlopidine hydrochloride (Ticlid)

Answer 22

• platelet aggregation inhibitor (antiplatlet)