Endocrine System Flashcards
What hormones are created by the anterior pituitary gland?
- FSH
- LH
- ACTH
- TSH
- Prolactin
- GH
- MSH
What hormones are created by the posterior pituitary gland?
- Oxytocin
- ADH
What are the 3 hormones produced by the thyroid gland? What do they do
- T3 (Triiodothyrodine): controls metabolism and body temperature
- T4 (Thyroxine): inc rate of metabolism and regulates growth
- Calcitonin: helps lower blood calcium levels
* T3 and T4 work by negative feedback
What does the parathyroid gland do?
stimulates the transfer of calcium from the bone into the blood and inhibits bone formation
What does black tea and aloe vera do to the body?
increases the use of available insulin
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperpituitarism?
- acromeagaly
- galactorrhea
- HA
- somnolence
- visual field abnormalities
What are the complications of transphenodial hypophysectomy?
- leak of CSF
- acute diabetes insipidus
Patient teaching after a transphenoidal hypophysectomy
- no coughing, sneezing, laughing hard, or bending at the waist
- no brushing teeth for TEN days
How much do you need to elevate the bed after a transphenoidal hypophysectomy?
30 degrees
What are the clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism?
- short stature
- decreased sexual characteristics
- amenorrhea
What is the treatment for hypopituitarism?
- transphoidial hypophysectomy if tumor
- lifelong admin of HG (i.e. somatropin) and sex hormone injections
What are the clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus?
- 5-20 L/day of urine (very diluted)
- polydipsia, polyuria
- dehydration
- low specific gravity <= 100 mOsm/kg
- signs of dehydration
How do you diagnose diabetes insipidius?
- water deprivation test
When do you need to discontinue the water deprivation test?
- when there is a weight loss of 2-5% of body weight
What is the treatment for diabetes insipidus?
- desmopresin acetate (DDAVP)
- IV Fluids
What is the treatment for goiter?
- lugol’s solution
- iodized salt in diet
What are goitrogens?
- rutabagas, cabbage, soybeans, peanuts, peaches, radishes, shrimp, kale, mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, strawberries, spinach
What are the clinical manifestations of thyroiditis?
- unilateral neck, mandible pain
- painful/painless goiter
What is the treatment for thyroiditis?
- parental antibiotics
- beta blockers
- salicylates
- prednisone
- aspirin/tylenol
What are the main clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
- tired from hyperactivity
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- heat intolerance
- exophthalmos
What are 3 complications to avoid with hyperthyroidism?
- heart disease
- thyroid storm
- exophthalmos
What are the signs and symptoms of thyroid storm?
- high fever (> 106 F)
- tachy (> 200 bpm)
- HTN (Diastolic > 200)
- dehydration
- hyperreflexia
What meds are used for thyroid storm?
- propranolol IV
- PTU
- Potassium Iodine
What actions as a nurse do you have to take if you suspect thyroid storm?
- control fever: hypothermal blanket
- IV fluids
- admin meds
What are the 3 treatment options for hyperthyroidism?
- anti-thyroidism meds
- radioactive iodine therapy
- thyroidectomy
What meds are used to treat hyperthyroidism?
- prophylthiouracil (PTU) or Methimazole (Tapazole)
- AND propranolol
What must be available in the room following a thyroidectomy?
- suction equipment
- O2
- tracheostomy tray
What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?
- circumpolar paresthesia
- positive Chvostek’s sign (tap facial nerve and they will have a slight twitch)
- positive Trousseaus sign (inflate BP cuff on arm and T-rex hand posture)
How do you treat hypocalcemia?
- IV calcium gluconate
