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Med Surg > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are created by the anterior pituitary gland?

A
  • FSH
  • LH
  • ACTH
  • TSH
  • Prolactin
  • GH
  • MSH
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2
Q

What hormones are created by the posterior pituitary gland?

A
  • Oxytocin

- ADH

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3
Q

What are the 3 hormones produced by the thyroid gland? What do they do

A
  1. T3 (Triiodothyrodine): controls metabolism and body temperature
  2. T4 (Thyroxine): inc rate of metabolism and regulates growth
  3. Calcitonin: helps lower blood calcium levels
    * T3 and T4 work by negative feedback
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4
Q

What does the parathyroid gland do?

A

stimulates the transfer of calcium from the bone into the blood and inhibits bone formation

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5
Q

What does black tea and aloe vera do to the body?

A

increases the use of available insulin

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6
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of hyperpituitarism?

A
  • acromeagaly
  • galactorrhea
  • HA
  • somnolence
  • visual field abnormalities
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7
Q

What are the complications of transphenodial hypophysectomy?

A
  • leak of CSF

- acute diabetes insipidus

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8
Q

Patient teaching after a transphenoidal hypophysectomy

A
  • no coughing, sneezing, laughing hard, or bending at the waist
  • no brushing teeth for TEN days
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9
Q

How much do you need to elevate the bed after a transphenoidal hypophysectomy?

A

30 degrees

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10
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism?

A
  • short stature
  • decreased sexual characteristics
  • amenorrhea
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11
Q

What is the treatment for hypopituitarism?

A
  • transphoidial hypophysectomy if tumor

- lifelong admin of HG (i.e. somatropin) and sex hormone injections

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12
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus?

A
  • 5-20 L/day of urine (very diluted)
  • polydipsia, polyuria
  • dehydration
  • low specific gravity <= 100 mOsm/kg
  • signs of dehydration
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13
Q

How do you diagnose diabetes insipidius?

A
  • water deprivation test
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14
Q

When do you need to discontinue the water deprivation test?

A
  • when there is a weight loss of 2-5% of body weight
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15
Q

What is the treatment for diabetes insipidus?

A
  • desmopresin acetate (DDAVP)

- IV Fluids

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16
Q

What is the treatment for goiter?

A
  • lugol’s solution

- iodized salt in diet

17
Q

What are goitrogens?

A
  • rutabagas, cabbage, soybeans, peanuts, peaches, radishes, shrimp, kale, mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, strawberries, spinach
18
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of thyroiditis?

A
  • unilateral neck, mandible pain

- painful/painless goiter

19
Q

What is the treatment for thyroiditis?

A
  • parental antibiotics
  • beta blockers
  • salicylates
  • prednisone
  • aspirin/tylenol
20
Q

What are the main clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?

A
  • tired from hyperactivity
  • tachycardia
  • tachypnea
  • heat intolerance
  • exophthalmos
21
Q

What are 3 complications to avoid with hyperthyroidism?

A
  • heart disease
  • thyroid storm
  • exophthalmos
22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of thyroid storm?

A
  • high fever (> 106 F)
  • tachy (> 200 bpm)
  • HTN (Diastolic > 200)
  • dehydration
  • hyperreflexia
23
Q

What meds are used for thyroid storm?

A
  • propranolol IV
  • PTU
  • Potassium Iodine
24
Q

What actions as a nurse do you have to take if you suspect thyroid storm?

A
  • control fever: hypothermal blanket
  • IV fluids
  • admin meds
25
Q

What are the 3 treatment options for hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. anti-thyroidism meds
  2. radioactive iodine therapy
  3. thyroidectomy
26
Q

What meds are used to treat hyperthyroidism?

A
  • prophylthiouracil (PTU) or Methimazole (Tapazole)

- AND propranolol

27
Q

What must be available in the room following a thyroidectomy?

A
  • suction equipment
  • O2
  • tracheostomy tray
28
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?

A
  • circumpolar paresthesia
  • positive Chvostek’s sign (tap facial nerve and they will have a slight twitch)
  • positive Trousseaus sign (inflate BP cuff on arm and T-rex hand posture)
29
Q

How do you treat hypocalcemia?

A
  • IV calcium gluconate

Med Surg (7 decks)

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