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ATI > Med-Surg-Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Med-Surg-Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrointestinal diagnostic procedures often involve ________ and __________ to visualize parts of the gastrointestinal system and to evaluate gastrointestinal contents.

A

scopes and x-rays

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2
Q

common gastrointestinal diagnostic procedures are:

A 
liver function tests and other blood tests
urine bilinogen
fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
endoscopy
gastrointestinal (GI) series
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3
Q

aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and albumin are all:

A

liver function tests

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4
Q

Blood tests that provide info on the functioning of the GI system include:

A

amylase, lipase, alpha-fetoprotein, and ammonia

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5
Q

expected reference range from aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

A

5 - 40 units/L

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6
Q

if the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is elevated what condition is likely?

A

hepatitis or cirrhosis

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7
Q

expected reference range from alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

A

8 - 20 units/L

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8
Q

if the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is elevated what condition is likely?

A

hepatitis or cirrhosis

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9
Q

expected reference range from Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

A

30 - 120 units/L

30 - 85 IU/L

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10
Q

if the level of alkaline phosphatase is elevated what condition is likely?

A

this indicates liver damage

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11
Q

expected reference range of amylase

A

56 to 90 IU/L

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12
Q

expected reference range of lipase

A

0 - 110 units/L

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13
Q

elevation of amylase and lipase is indicative of

A

pancreatitis

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14
Q

expected reference range of total bilirubin

A

0.1 to 1.0 mg/dL

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15
Q

expected reference range of direct (conjugated) bilirubin

A

0.1 to 0.3 mg/dL

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16
Q

elevations of these indicate altered liver function, bile duct obstruction, or other hepatobiliary disorder

A

total bilirubin, direct (conjugated) bilirubin, indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin

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17
Q

expected reference range of indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin

A

0.2 to 0.8 mg/dL

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18
Q

expected reference range of albumin

A

3.5 to 5.0 g/dL

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19
Q

what does a decrease in albumin indicate

A

decrease can indicate hepatic disease

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20
Q

expected range of alpha-fetoprotein

A

less than 40 mcg/L

21
Q

what is expected of alpha-fetoprotein levels with liver cancer?

A

elevation occurs with liver cancer

22
Q

expected range of ammonia levels

A

15 to 110 mcg/dL

23
Q

what is indicative of an elevated ammonia level in the blood?

A

elevation occurs with hepatic encephalopathy, cirrhosis, liver cancer or liver disease

24
Q

urine bilirubin aka

A

urobilinogen

25
Q

a urine test to determine the presence of bilirubin in the urine.

A

urobilinogen

26
Q

interpretation of findings of a urobilinogen test

A

positive or elevated finding indicates possible liver disorder (cirrhosis or hepatitis) or biliary obstruction.

27
Q

pre-procedure nursing actions for a urine bilirubin or urobilinogen

A

use a dipstick for urine bilirubin or a 24-hr urine collection for urobilinogen.

28
Q

pre-procedure client education for urine bilirubin or urobilinogen

A

show the client how to collect urine and provide proper collection container

29
Q

post-procedure nursing actions for urine bilirubin or urobilinogen

A

inform the client when and how results are provided

30
Q

a stool sample is collected and tested for:

A

blood, ova and parasites (giardia lamblia) and bacteria (clostridium difficile). also to test for DNA changes in the vimentin gene.

31
Q

indications for administering urine bilirubin diagnostic procedure

A

suspected liver or biliary tract disorder

32
Q

indications for administering liver function and other blood tests

A

suspected liver, pancreatic or biliary tract disorder

33
Q

indications for administering fecal occult blood test or taking a stool sample.

A

gastrointestinal bleeding, unexplained diarrhea, foul-smelling stools, abdominal pain, mucus in stool

34
Q

a change in the vimentin gene can be an indicator or

A

colorectal cancer

35
Q

Pre-procedure nursing actions for an occult blood test are

A

provide the client with cards impregnated with guaiac to mail to the provider or with a specimen collection cup.

36
Q

how many samples are needed if the cards impregnated with guaiac are used

A

3

37
Q

pre-procedure nursing actions for a stool sample to test for parasites and bacteria

A

provide the client with a specimen or collection cup

38
Q

pre-procedure client education for an occult blood test

A

instruct the client about proper collection technique. also the client may need instructions about dietary and medication restrictions to follow prior to obtaining samples (red meat, anticoagulants)

39
Q

pre-procedure client education for stool samples to test for ova and parasites and bacteria

A

instruct the client about proper collection technique (time frame for submission to laboratory, need for refrigeration)

40
Q

post-procedure nursing actions for fecal occult blood test or stool samples

A

inform the client when and how the results are provided.

41
Q

These procedures allow direct visualization of body cavities, tissues, and organs through the use of a flexible, lighted tube.

A

Endoscopic procedures

42
Q

why are endoscopic procedures used?

A

for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. biopsies, removal of abnormal tissue, perform minor surgery such as cauterizing a bleeding ulcer. contrast medium can be inject to allow visualization of structures beyond the capabilities of the scope.

43
Q

names of gastrointestinal scope procedures

A

colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), sigmoidoscopy

44
Q

what are the potential diagnoses indicated by gastrointestinal scope procedures?

A

gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcerations or inflammation, polyps, malignant tumors

45
Q

what client presentation will indicate the need for a gastrointestinal scope procedure?

A

anemia (secondary to bleeding), abdominal discomfort, abdominal distention or mass

46
Q

interpretation of findings from a gastrointestinal scope procedure may indicate a need for:

A

medication or surgical removal of a lesion

47
Q

pre-procedure nursing actions for a gastrointestinal scope procedure:

A

Evaluate clients understanding of procedure
verify that the client has signed a consent form
vital signs and ask about allergies
evaluate baseline lab tests and report unexpected findings to the provider.
evaluate chest xray, ecg and abgs
evaluate medical history for increased risk of complications

48
Q

what information obtained from a medical history can indicate risk of complications?

A 
Age
recent food or fluid intake
medications
previous radiographic examinations
electrolyte and fluid status
ensure client has been NPO
ensure client has followed proper bowel preparation

ATI (4 decks)

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