Med Surg 1,10,11

Question 1

Social determinants of health

Answer 1

Conditions in which people, live, work, learn, play

Question 2

Economic stability

Answer 2

-income, employment, poverty
-access to affordable healthcare, housing, food

Question 3

Education access and quality

Answer 3

-level of education, access to quality education
-educational opportunities to earn degrees and certifications

Question 4

Neighborhood and built environment

Answer 4

-Saftey, quality of housing, access to green spaces
-physical environment air, water, toxins, violence in community

Question 5

Social and community context

Answer 5

-Social support, community cohesion, discrimination
-where people live, study, relax

Question 6

Healthy people 2030

Answer 6

-10 year plan to implement health&well being of Americans
-free of preventable disease, injury, premature death
-eliminate health disparities
-improve health literacy
-fair opportunities, plans to improve health

Question 7

Sexual assault

Answer 7

-victims choose to press charges
-explain the process
-Need consent for forensic exam

Question 8

Therapeutic communication

Answer 8

-patient is dying: communicate to family in sensitive manner
-patient is in critical condition: open communication and frequent updates

Question 9

Emergency preparedness

Answer 9

-provides disaster education
-know your facilitates plan

Question 10

Red-

Answer 10

Immediate, life threatening injuries

Question 11

Yellow:

Answer 11

Serious injuries that are not immediately life threatening

Question 12

Green:

Answer 12

Minor injuries

Question 13

Black:

Answer 13

Victims who are not breathing

Question 14

0-24 hours hemostasis/inflammation

Answer 14

-blood vessels constrict to stop breathing
-platelets form a clot to protect the wound
-white blood cells arrive to fight infection

Question 15

2-4days inflammation

Answer 15

-white blood cells continue to move debris and pathogens
-new blood vessels form to supply healing area
-granulation tissue fills the wound

Question 16

4-21 days proliferation

Answer 16

-fibroblasts produce collagen, forming a scar
-new blood vessels continue to grow
-epithelial cells cover the wound and restore skin integrity

Question 17

21days-1year remodeling

Answer 17

-collagen is reorganized and strengthened
-scar tissue matures and becomes less noticeable
-blood vessels regress and wound site returns to normal function

Question 18

Arterial ulcer

Answer 18

Open wound that develops when there is inadequate/decreased blood flow to the affected area

Question 19

Arterial ulcer causes

Answer 19

Peripheral artery disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, trauma, vasculitis

Question 20

Patients at risk for skin infections

Answer 20

Immunocompromised, poor circulation, vascular insufficiency, eczema

Question 21

Burns

Answer 21

Caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, friction

Question 22

First degree burn

Answer 22

-Superficial, affecting only the epidermis
-Red, painful, may swell
-example sunburn

Question 23

Second degree burn

Answer 23

-Partial-thickness loss, damaging the epidermis and dermis
-Red, blistered, very painful

Question 24

Third degree burn

Answer 24

-Full thickness burn extending to all layers of the skin, muscle, bone
-white, charred, leathery
-may be painless due to nerve damage

Question 25

Treatment of burns

Answer 25

-Fluid resuscitation (lactated ringers) -Monitor urine output -Target output 0.5-1mL/kg/hr -Monitor vitals

Question 26

What is used to assess severity of burns

Answer 26

-Percent of total body surface area affected (TBSA) -Rule of Nines: head&neck 9%, each arm 9%, chest&abdomen 18% each, each leg 18%

Question 27

50% body burned includes what psychological changes

Answer 27

-Decrease in protein & plasma volume -Capillary leak -Severe fluid loss -Hyper metabolic state -Immune system dysfunction -Respiratory complications -Cardiac complications

Question 28

Pressure injury stage one

Answer 28

Redness of the skin that doesn’t blanch

Question 29

Pressure injury stage two

Answer 29

Partial thickness loss with shallow crater or blister

Question 30

Pressure injury stage three

Answer 30

Full thickness loss involving damage to underlying tissue,bone,muscle

Question 31

Pressure injury stage four

Answer 31

Deep tissue damage with exposed bone, tendon, muscle

Question 32

Pressure injury risk factors

Answer 32

-Mobility, prolonged bed rest -Sensory impairment, inability to feel discomfort -Incontinence, exposure to moisture -Nutritional deficiencies, decrease in protein -Medical condition, peripheral vascular disease -Age, have thinner skin and reduced elasticity

Question 33

Musculoskeletal injuries

Answer 33

Damage to muscles, bones, joints, soft tissue

Question 34

Function of musculoskeletal system

Answer 34

-Production of potassium -Maintains body position, form -Provides reflective responses to injuries -Formation of blood cells through red or yellow marrow -Protects soft organs

Question 35

Soft tissue injury treatment

Answer 35

Use ice intermittently, do not apply directly on skin, apply for less than 20 min -Dampen towel prior to putting on injury and apply ice intermittently towel

Question 36

Osteoporosis

Answer 36

-Bone disease that weakens bones -More prone to fractures -Bone loss in the cortical and cancellous bones -Balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Question 37

Peripheral artery disease

Answer 37

Plaque narrows or blocks arteries, reducing blood flow to the lower extremities

Question 38

Peripheral artery disease signs and symptoms

Answer 38

Change in skin tone, area is warm to touch, pain in affected area, foul odor, necrotic areas

Question 39

Shingles

Answer 39

-Varicella-zoster virus -Painful rash -Blisters filled with fluid -Burning, tingling -Fever, headache, chills

Question 40

Stress fracture

Answer 40

Small incomplete break, caused by repetitive stress or overuse

Question 41

Distended bladder

Answer 41

Bladder becomes overfilled with urine causing it to stretch and expand