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Medicine HK > Med Lab Biochem Exam > Flashcards

Med Lab Biochem Exam Flashcards

1
Q

A hemolyzed blood sample will falsely elevate which two parameters?

A

LD enzyme

K+

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2
Q

normal range of FPG

A

70-99

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3
Q

DM FPG

A

> 126

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4
Q

normal random plasma glucose

A

Less than 200

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5
Q

plasma glucose critical values

A

450

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6
Q

renal glucose threshold

A

160-180

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7
Q

hypoglycemia plasma glucose

A

Less than 50

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8
Q

DM random plasma glucose

A

> 200 and s/s

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9
Q

Hbg A1c that indicates DM

A

> 6.5%

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10
Q

chylomicrons have the highest amount of…

A

(highest) triglycerides

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11
Q

VLDL have the highest amount of…

A

(high) triglycerides

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12
Q

LDL have the highest amount of…

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

HDL have the highest amount of…

A

protein and phospholipid

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14
Q

give an example of 2 pre analytical errors and the effect they will have on a specific parameter

A

glycerol in tube
non fasting state
both will falsely elevate triglycerides

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15
Q

most important factor in a lipid profile is…

A

cholesterol : HDL ratio

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16
Q

what is uremic syndrome? give examples

A

the terminal clinical manifestations of kidney failure
reduced GFR, tremors, urine issues, edema, ams, coma
tx hemodialysis, renal transplant

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17
Q

What does a monoclonal M spike in the gamma zone indicate?

A

unrestrained proliferation of one plasma cell

  • multiple myeloma = IgG or IgA proliferation
  • waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia = IgM proliferation
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18
Q

What does oligoclonal banding in the gamma zone of a CSF electrophoresis indicate?

A

multiple sclerosis (must be 2 bands or more)

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19
Q

define azotemia

A

any significant increase of NPN compounds in blood

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20
Q

positive acute phase reactants (5)

A 
alpha 1 antitrypsin
haptoglobin
ceruloplasmin
fibrinogen
CRP
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21
Q

negative acute phase reactant (3)

A

albumin
pre albumin
transferrin

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22
Q

SPE pattern seen in alcoholic cirrhosis

A

beta gamma bridge

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23
Q

SPE pattern seen in nephrotic syndrome

A

increased alpha 2 and beta zones

24
Q

haptoglobin binds…

A

hemoglobin

25
Q

ceruloplasmin binds…

A

copper

26
Q

transferrin binds…

A

iron

27
Q

What does a polyclonal, broad diffuse increase in the gamma zone indicate?

A

infection response

28
Q

What three proteins migrate in the beta zone?

A

transferrin
LDL
complement

29
Q

What two proteins migrate in the gamma zone?

A

CRP

immunoglobulins

30
Q

Which liver enzymes are hepatocellular?

A

AST, ALT, LD (4, 5 specific to liver and skeletal muscle)

31
Q

Which liver enzymes are hepatobilliary?

A

ALP, GGT

32
Q

What results would you expect in the core window?

A

HBsAg negative
HBsAB negative (not yet present)
HBcoreAB-IgM positive

33
Q

Which electrolytes contribute the most to osmolality?

A

Na+ and Cl-

34
Q

What is the major cation in ECF plasma?

A

Na+ sodium

35
Q

What is the major anion in ECF plasma?

A

Cl- chloride

36
Q

What is the major cation in ICF?

A

K+ potassium

37
Q

How do you calculate the anion gap?

A

Na - (Cl + tCO2)

38
Q

What does a positive anti-dsDNA result indicate?

A

SLE

39
Q

What does a positive anti-sm indicate?

A

SLE with renal involvement

40
Q

What does a positive anti-histone indicate?

A

drug induced lupus

41
Q

hashimoto’s disease markers

A

TPO

anti-thyroglobulin

42
Q

grave’s disease markers

A

TPO
TRAB
LATS

43
Q

primary biliary cirrhosis disease markers

A

AMA

Alk Phos and GGT >3xULN

44
Q

chronic active hepatitis disease markers

A

ASMA

AST and ALT >3xULN

45
Q

dehydration markers

A

increased BUN (20-26)
increased uric acid
increased albumin
hypernatremia

46
Q

What three proteins migrate in the alpha 2 zone?

A

alpha 2 macroglobulin
haptoglobin
ceruloplasmin

47
Q

Normal total cholesterol

A

Less than 200

48
Q

Normal HDL

A

35-55 ++

49
Q

Normal LDL

A

Less than 130

50
Q

Normal triglycerides

A

Less than 150

51
Q

Positive nitrogen balance indicates…

A

Periods of growth, pregnancy, repair processes

52
Q

Negative nitrogen balance indicates…

A

Tissue destruction, wasting disease, high fever, starvation

53
Q

Function of Albumin

A

Maintains oncotic pressure of plasma

54
Q

Pre albumin is an indicator of…

A

Nutritional status

55
Q

Pre albumin binds…

A

Thyroid hormone and

Retinol

Medicine HK (2 decks)

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