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Medicine HK > Med Lab Biochem Exam > Flashcards

Med Lab Biochem Exam Flashcards

1
Q

A hemolyzed blood sample will falsely elevate which two parameters?

A

LD enzyme

K+

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2
Q

normal range of FPG

A

70-99

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3
Q

DM FPG

A

> 126

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4
Q

normal random plasma glucose

A

Less than 200

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5
Q

plasma glucose critical values

A

450

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6
Q

renal glucose threshold

A

160-180

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7
Q

hypoglycemia plasma glucose

A

Less than 50

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8
Q

DM random plasma glucose

A

> 200 and s/s

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9
Q

Hbg A1c that indicates DM

A

> 6.5%

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10
Q

chylomicrons have the highest amount of…

A

(highest) triglycerides

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11
Q

VLDL have the highest amount of…

A

(high) triglycerides

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12
Q

LDL have the highest amount of…

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

HDL have the highest amount of…

A

protein and phospholipid

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14
Q

give an example of 2 pre analytical errors and the effect they will have on a specific parameter

A

glycerol in tube
non fasting state
both will falsely elevate triglycerides

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15
Q

most important factor in a lipid profile is…

A

cholesterol : HDL ratio

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16
Q

what is uremic syndrome? give examples

A

the terminal clinical manifestations of kidney failure
reduced GFR, tremors, urine issues, edema, ams, coma
tx hemodialysis, renal transplant

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17
Q

What does a monoclonal M spike in the gamma zone indicate?

A

unrestrained proliferation of one plasma cell

  • multiple myeloma = IgG or IgA proliferation
  • waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia = IgM proliferation
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18
Q

What does oligoclonal banding in the gamma zone of a CSF electrophoresis indicate?

A

multiple sclerosis (must be 2 bands or more)

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19
Q

define azotemia

A

any significant increase of NPN compounds in blood

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20
Q

positive acute phase reactants (5)

A 
alpha 1 antitrypsin
haptoglobin
ceruloplasmin
fibrinogen
CRP
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21
Q

negative acute phase reactant (3)

A

albumin
pre albumin
transferrin

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22
Q

SPE pattern seen in alcoholic cirrhosis

A

beta gamma bridge

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23
Q

SPE pattern seen in nephrotic syndrome

A

increased alpha 2 and beta zones

24
Q

haptoglobin binds…

A

hemoglobin

25
ceruloplasmin binds...
copper
26
transferrin binds...
iron
27
What does a polyclonal, broad diffuse increase in the gamma zone indicate?
infection response
28
What three proteins migrate in the beta zone?
transferrin LDL complement
29
What two proteins migrate in the gamma zone?
CRP | immunoglobulins
30
Which liver enzymes are hepatocellular?
AST, ALT, LD (4, 5 specific to liver and skeletal muscle)
31
Which liver enzymes are hepatobilliary?
ALP, GGT
32
What results would you expect in the core window?
HBsAg negative HBsAB negative (not yet present) HBcoreAB-IgM positive
33
Which electrolytes contribute the most to osmolality?
Na+ and Cl-
34
What is the major cation in ECF plasma?
Na+ sodium
35
What is the major anion in ECF plasma?
Cl- chloride
36
What is the major cation in ICF?
K+ potassium
37
How do you calculate the anion gap?
Na - (Cl + tCO2)
38
What does a positive anti-dsDNA result indicate?
SLE
39
What does a positive anti-sm indicate?
SLE with renal involvement
40
What does a positive anti-histone indicate?
drug induced lupus
41
hashimoto's disease markers
TPO | anti-thyroglobulin
42
grave's disease markers
TPO TRAB LATS
43
primary biliary cirrhosis disease markers
AMA | Alk Phos and GGT >3xULN
44
chronic active hepatitis disease markers
ASMA | AST and ALT >3xULN
45
dehydration markers
increased BUN (20-26) increased uric acid increased albumin hypernatremia
46
What three proteins migrate in the alpha 2 zone?
alpha 2 macroglobulin haptoglobin ceruloplasmin
47
Normal total cholesterol
Less than 200
48
Normal HDL
35-55 ++
49
Normal LDL
Less than 130
50
Normal triglycerides
Less than 150
51
Positive nitrogen balance indicates...
Periods of growth, pregnancy, repair processes
52
Negative nitrogen balance indicates...
Tissue destruction, wasting disease, high fever, starvation
53
Function of Albumin
Maintains oncotic pressure of plasma
54
Pre albumin is an indicator of...
Nutritional status
55
Pre albumin binds...
Thyroid hormone and | Retinol

Medicine HK (2 decks)

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