Med Assess Prep Flashcards
Carcinogenic
Producing cancer
Greek + Latin
terms built from greek and latin word parts (arthritis)
Eponyms
terms derived from name of person or place (alzheimer disease + west nile virus + parkinson’s)
Acronyms
terms formed from the first letters of the word in a phrase that can be spoken as a whole word and usually contain a vowel (laser)
modern language
terms derived from english language (nuclear medicine scanner)
alzheimer disease vs alzheimer’s disease
elimination of the possessive eponyms for clarity purposes
non-possessive –> american association for medical transcription, american medical association’s manual of style, medical dictionaries
category: word parts
cam be translated literally to find meaning
greek + latin together
category: not built from word parts
cannot be easily translated literally to find meaning
eponyms, acronyms, modern language, greek + latin that cannot be easily translated
word root (wr)
core of the word, fundamental meaning
all med terms have one or more
suffix (s)
attached to the end of a word root and provides additional information + modifies meaning
not all med terms have this
prefix (p)
attached to beginning of the word root + provides additional information + modifies meaning
not all med terms have this
combining vowel (cv)
vowel, usually an O placed between two word roots and between a word root and a suffix (if the suffix does not start with a vowel)
eases pronunciation
cell
basic unit of all living things
tissue
group of similar cells that perform a specific function
organs
two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions
system
group of organs that work together to perform complex body function
muscle tissue
composed to cells that can contract to produce movement
nerve tissue
found in nerves, spinal cord, and brain, coordinates + controls body activities
connective tissue
connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures
forms bones, fat, cartilage, and organs
major tissue in glands called epithelium
epithelial tissue
the major covering of external surface of a body, forms membranes that line body cavities and organs
major tissue in glands
cranial cavity
brain
spinal cavity
spinal cord
thoracic cavity
heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi
abdominal cavity
stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters
pelvic cavity
urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of small + large intestine, and rectum
integumentary system
contains: skin, hair, nails, and sweat + oil glands
function: covers + protects
respiratory system
contains: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, + lungs
function: exchanges oxygen + carbon dioxide between blood and external environment
urinary system
contains: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
function: excretes waste, regulates fluids + electrolytes
reproductive system (female)
contains: ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, + vagina
function: produces offspring, secretes hormones
reproductive system (male)
contains: testes, vas deferens, prostate gland, + penis
function: produce offspring, secretes hormones
cardiovascular system
contains: blood vessels, heart, + blood
function: transports oxygen + nutrients
lymphatic system
contains: lymph, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, + thymus
function: provides immunity + helps circulation of body fluids
digestive system
contains: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, liver, + pancreas
function: takes in, breaks down, and absorbs elements of food + eliminates waste
muscularskeletal system
contains: muscles, bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons
function: produce movement and support
nervous system
contains: brain, spinal cord, and nerves
function: coordinates body activities and provide sensory information
endocrine system
contains: pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, and pancreas
function: secretes hormones that regulate body activities
onc/o
tumor
sarc/o
connective tissue, flesh
-al
pertaining to
-genic
producing, originating, causing
meta-
beyond
-oid
resembling
-oma
tumor
-plasm
growth (substance or formation)
-stasis
control, stop
pathogenic
an adjective describes a substance that produces disease
carcinoma
cancerous tumor
cytoid
resembling a call
epithelial
pertaining to epithelium
epithelioma
tumor composed of epithelium
histology
study of tissue
lipoid
resembling fat
lipoma
tumor composed of fat
metastasis (MET)
beyond control –> transfer of disease from origin
neoplasm
new growth
oncology
study of tumors
pathogenic
producing disease
sarcoma
tumor of connective tissue
diagnosis
Dx
prognosis
Px
radiation therapy
XRT
CA
cancer / carcinoma
chemo
chemotherapy
diagnosis
Dx
radiologists
physicians who diagnose + treat injuries and diseases using imaging tech
x-rays, CT, PET, MRI, ultrasounds
Radiologic Technologist
preform diagnostic imaging + exams and administer radiation therapy
Responsible for positioning patients and ensuring quality of scans
work with radiologists
radiation therapists and medical dosimetrists
caud/o
tail (downward)
cephal/o
head (upward)
-ad
toward
ventr/o
belly
-al, -ic, -ior
pertaining to
posteroanterior (PA)
x-ray beam posterior to anterior
used for chest radiograph when heart or anterior structures are the focus
anteroposterior (AP)
used when spine is primary focus
beams from front to the back of the body
caudad
towards tail
cephalad
towards head
ventral
pertaining to the belly
frontal/coronal plane
anterior and posterior halves
sagittal plane
right and left halves
transverse plane
superior + inferior parts
abdominalpelvic regions
right hypochondriac epigastric left hypochondriac
right lumbar umbilical left lumbar
right illiac hypogastric left illiac
fowler position
semi-sitting position with slight knee elevation 30-90 degree in variation high fowler at 90 fowler at 45-60 semi-fowler at 30-40 low fowler head is slightly elevated
orthopnea position
sitting upright in a chair or in bed, supported by pillows behind the back
sometimes patient tilts forward resting on a pillow supported by an over bed table
orth/o –> straight -pnea –> breathing
patients who need to sit straight to breath are place in this position
prone position
lying on abdomen, facing downward, head might be turned
sims position
lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn behind, parallel to back (also called lateral recumbent position)
supine position
lying on back, facing forward
trendelenburg position
lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than feet
Temporal arteries
palpate over temporal bone on each side of head, lateral to eybrows
carotid artiery
palpate anterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle, just medial and inferior to angle of the jaw
DO NOT DO BOTH CAROTIDS AT SAME TIME FOR CIRCULATION PURPOSES
radial artery
palpate anterolateral side of wrist, proximal to first carpal metacarpal jx
femoral artery
pulse is inferior to medial inguinal ligament
Obese: pulse is midway between anterosuperior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
posterior tibial artery
found posterior and slightly inferior to medial malleolus of ankle
