Med 4 Flashcards by Sameer varma

insulin lispro
(rapid-acting)

Humalog

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insulin lispro
(rapid-acting) freq

Individualized dosing -
Inject 15 min before or
immediately after
meals

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indications insulin lispro
(rapid-acting) uses

Type 1 Diabetes
*Type 2 Diabetes

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cons of indications insulin lispro
(rapid-acting)

Low blood sugar (sweating, nausea, dizziness)
*Refrigerate unopened vials
*Discard after 28 days if at room temp
*Let syringe reach room temp prior to injection
to avoid painful injection
*Rotate injection site

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insulin glargine
(long-acting

Lantus

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insulin glargine
(long-acting) freq

individualized dosing -
once daily

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insulin glargine
(long-acting) uses

Type 1 Diabetes
*Type 2 Diabete

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insulin glargine
(long-acting) cons

*Low blood sugar (sweating, nausea, dizziness)
*Refrigerate unopened vials
*Discard after 28 days if at room temp
*Let syringe reach room temp prior to injection
to avoid painful injection
*Rotate injection site

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metformin

Glucophage

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freq of metformin

BID, TID
MAX: 2,550 mg/day

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uses metformin

*Type 2 Diabetes
*Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
*Weight loss

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metformin cons

*Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain
*Take with food
*Titrate dose up weekly (to reduce stomach
upset, diarrhea)
*Long-term use can cause Vitamin B-12
deficient

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dapagliflozin

Farxiga

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dapagliflozin freq

once daily

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use of dapagliflozin

Type 2 Diabetes
*Chronic kidney disease
*Heart failure with reduced
ejection fraction

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dapagliflozin cons

*Urinary tract infection
*Increased urine output
*Decreased blood pressure

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semaglutide

Rybelsus (oral)
Ozempic
(subcutaneous)
Wegovy
(subcutaneous)

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freq semaglutide

Oral: once daily
Subcutaneous: once
weekly

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semaglutide uses

*Type 2 diabetes
*Weight management

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cons of semaglutide

*Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
*Headache
*Low blood sugar
*Rotate weekly injection sites

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gabapentin

Neurontin

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gabapentin freq

BID, TID

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gabapentin uses

Neuropathic pain
*Seizures
*Anxiety

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gabapentin cons

Drowsiness/Dizziness
*Uncoordinated muscle movement

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promethazine

Phenergan

promethazine freq

q4-6h prn

promethazine cons

*Drowsiness/dizziness *Avoid alcohol *Sun sensitivity

promethazine uses

Prevents and treats nausea/vomiting *Motion sickness *Allergies

ondansetron

Zofran Zofran ODT

ondansetron freq

q8h prn

ondansetron uses

*Prevent nausea/vomiting *Non-FDA approved for treatment of vomiting

ondansetron cons

*Fatigue *Headache *Constipation or diarrhea

omeprazole (OTC)

Prilosec

omeprazole freq

once daily

omeprazole (OTC) use

Acid reflux/ indigestion *Prevention and treatment of ulcer

omeprazole (OTC)

*Works in 1 day, up to 4 days for full effect *Food delays absorption so take >1 hour before food *Separate from antacids by 2 hour

famotidine (OTC )

Pepcid AC

freq of famotidine

BID

famotidine uses

*Acid reflux/ indigestion *Prevention and treatment of ulcers

famotidine cons

Works in 1 hour, up to 1 day for full effect *Can be taken with antacids

calcium carbonate (OTC )

Tums

calcium carbonate (OTC) freq

Chew 2-4 tablets prn MAX: 7,500 mg/day if used for indigestion MAX: 2,500 mg/day as supplement

calcium carbonate (OTC) uses

Calcium supplement *Acute acid reflux/indigestion

calcium carbonate (OTC) cons

Constipation *Chew before swallowing *Do not use > 2 weeks for indigestion

docusate sodium (OTC)

Colace

use of doc sodium

daily

docusate sodium (OTC) use

*Stool softener to relieve constipation

cons of docusate sodium

Works in 1-3 days *Take with water *Diarrhea, cramps

polyethylene glycol (PEG) (OTC/Rx)

MiraLAX (OTC) GoLYTELY (Rx

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (OTC/Rx)

MiraLAX (laxative): 17g (1 capful) dissolved in 8 oz. of liquid by mouth once daily prn GoLYTELY (colonoscopy prep): Mix with water to make 1 gallon, drink 8oz every 10 minutes

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (OTC/Rx)

Osmotic laxative to relieve constipation *Bowel cleansing for colonoscopy prep

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (OTC/Rx)cons

Laxative works in 1-3 days *Do not take laxatives longer than 1 week without MD approval *Colon prep works in 1 hr *Diarrhea, cramps, bloating

bisacodyl (OTC)

Dulcolax

bisacodyl (OTC) freq

Laxative: 5-15mg PO daily, 10mg rectally daily Colonoscopy prep: 20- 30mg dose MAX: 30mg/da

bisacodyl (OTC)

Stimulant laxative to relieve constipation *Bowel evacuant for colonoscopy prep

bisacodyl (OTC) cons

*Oral dose works in 8 hrs *Suppository works within 15-60 minutes *Do not take longer than 1 week without MD approval *Diarrhea, cramp

loperamide (OTC)

Imodium

loperamide freq

2 tablets PO after first loose stool, then 1 tablet after each subsequent loose stool MAX: 8mg/day (OTC), 16mg/day (Rx

loperamide (OTC) uses

Slows peristalsis to treat diarrhea

loperamide (OTC) cons

drowsiness *If diarrhea has not improved in 2 days, call MD due to de-hydration risk

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