MEd 2 Flashcards
When and who published the Germ theory
1861 by Louis pasteur
4 basic principle of Germ Theory
- air contains living organism
- microbes are not evenly distributed in air
- microbes cause decay
- microbes can be killed by heating
Germ theory prove
- prove germs cause decay
- miamsa did not cause disease
- Link germs to disease
- spontaneous generation was incorrect
What led Lister to uses carbolic acid
- He reads pasteur’s germ theory
Lister’s contribution
His antiseptics method led to development of aseptic
Lister’s method in surgery
- operating theatre vigorously cleaned
- equipments sterelised
- surgical clothing replaced
- rubber gloves
- wash hands
Lister’s SPEND
12 December 1865:
- operates on 11 year old boy w broken leg
- spray carbolic acid on his wound
- Boy start walking after 6 weeks
Against carbolic acid
- Irritates the eyes
- disturb the doctor
- slippery
- Some doctor used simple hygience routine and had very good results
What did public health Act 1875 do
Gave local authorities power:
- control over water supplies
- purchase repair and creation of sewers
- regulation of cellars and lodging houses
- New laws to control streets
What influenced Govt to create new sewer system in London
- John snow’s work on Cholera
- Great Stink in 1858
What did Joseph Bazalgette do
Improve the London sewer system using the 3 million given to London Metropolitan Board Of Works
2 key features of Bazalgette plan
- sewers should be very large, oval and built of brick to sewage less likely to get stuck
- whole system planed to bring waste down to river where it washed to the sea
what caused the public health Act 1875
1867 - working class given votes
Scientific development (germ theory link dirt and disease)
1870 - Local authority set up schools
weakening of laissez faire
Cholera outbreak (1865) and Snow’s work
How did Nightingale improve hospital after scutari
Hospital:
new design
new administration
new clean air
warmth
cleanliness
How nightingale improve nursing
- patient is first priority
- Consistent care
- Training and knowledge are important
- notes and observation should be shared with doctor
When was notes on hospital and nursing published
- notes on hospital in 1863
- notes on nursing in 1859
When and where was nightingale school for training of nurses
- 9th July 1860
- At St Thomas Hospital
- build thru donations
How did Garret improve woman position in medicine
1865 - passed exams and gained certificate in medical degree in France
1866 - establish dispensary
1872 - founded new hospital for women
1876 - act passed permitting woman to enter medical profession
1883 - Garret becomes deen
1902 - Become first female mayor
