Med 1

Question 1

When did Nightingale went to Scutari

Answer 1

Crimean War

Question 2

Death rate before and after nightingale

Answer 2

43% in Feb 1855
3% in June 1855

Question 3

Hospital before nightingale

Answer 3

• 3 diff death registration
• Overcrowded
• No appropriate place
• Poor sewage
• Poor hygiene

Question 4

Hospital after nightingale

Answer 4

• new guidelines on recording
• patients separated according to disease
• beds spaced apart
• clear air
• strict hygiene

Question 5

When did simpson start or discover using chlorofom

Answer 5

1848

Question 6

What were dangers in surgery

Answer 6

• pain = die to shock
• infection
• bleeding

Question 7

Surgery before chlorofom

Answer 7

• only emergencies
• fast
• operating theatre
• no anesthethic
• no hygience
• 25% die from infection

Question 8

Surgery after chlorofom

Answer 8

• uses of anaesthetic
• Lead to black period
  => more death

Question 9

Why some did not support use of chlorofom

Answer 9

• patients uncomfortable
• some believed pain good for healing
• pain is a punishment from god
• pain during childbirth is send by god

Question 10

4 points of lack of understanding

Answer 10

• four humours
• miasma
• spontaneous generation
  ( rotting cause disease)

Question 11

Chadwick’s report in 1842

Answer 11

Report on sanitary of the Labouring population

Question 12

What did Report on sanitary of the Labouring population say

Answer 12

• terrible conditions cause
• disease and poverty

Question 13

Chadwick recommendation on Report on sanitary of the Labouring population

Answer 13

• organise drainage
• provide water supply
• medical health officer
• policy change

Question 13

Act passed on 1846 inspired from chadwick’s finding

Answer 13

The Cholera bill

Question 14

What does The Cholera Bill Do

Answer 14

• encourage property owners to clean their dwellings
• and connect them to sewers
• during Cholera epedemic (1848 - 1849)

Question 15

What did the Public Health Act 1848 do

Answer 15

• General boards of health to be established wherever the local population ask for one (if death rate more than 23 per 1000)

-Boards of health control water supplies and sewage but can only advice change in town

• Medical officers health

Question 16

What was limited change of Public Health Act 1848

Answer 16

• Govt still have laissez-faire attitude
• Public Health Act was optional action
• public health Act had limited impact on wealthier people.

Question 17

What did John snow do

Answer 17

Link Cholera with water (Cholera is waterborne) by removing pump

Question 18

How did John snow proves Cholera is link with water

Answer 18

Uses farr’s medical statistic between contaminated water and sewage

Question 19

Impact and significance of Snow

Answer 19

1855 - Snow recommended sewer improvement
=> Govt agree in 1875
due to snow and great
stink

• many ppl rejected
• other scientist pointed out ppl further away still infected
• General Board Health clung to miasma

Question 20

What were the main problems of surgery in 1848

Answer 20

• pain (die to shock)
• infection
• Blood loss

Question 21

How were blood loss prevented in surgery 1848

Answer 21

Catgut (Animal intestine)