Med 1 Flashcards
When did Nightingale went to Scutari
Crimean War
Death rate before and after nightingale
43% in Feb 1855
3% in June 1855
Hospital before nightingale
- 3 diff death registration
- Overcrowded
- No appropriate place
- Poor sewage
- Poor hygiene
Hospital after nightingale
- new guidelines on recording
- patients separated according to disease
- beds spaced apart
- clear air
- strict hygiene
When did simpson start or discover using chlorofom
1848
What were dangers in surgery
- pain = die to shock
- infection
- bleeding
Surgery before chlorofom
- only emergencies
- fast
- operating theatre
- no anesthethic
- no hygience
- 25% die from infection
Surgery after chlorofom
- uses of anaesthetic
- Lead to black period
=> more death
Why some did not support use of chlorofom
- patients uncomfortable
- some believed pain good for healing
- pain is a punishment from god
- pain during childbirth is send by god
4 points of lack of understanding
- four humours
- miasma
- spontaneous generation
( rotting cause disease)
Chadwick’s report in 1842
Report on sanitary of the Labouring population
What did Report on sanitary of the Labouring population say
- terrible conditions cause
- disease and poverty
Chadwick recommendation on Report on sanitary of the Labouring population
- organise drainage
- provide water supply
- medical health officer
- policy change
Act passed on 1846 inspired from chadwick’s finding
The Cholera bill
What does The Cholera Bill Do
- encourage property owners to clean their dwellings
- and connect them to sewers
- during Cholera epedemic (1848 - 1849)
What did the Public Health Act 1848 do
- General boards of health to be established wherever the local population ask for one (if death rate more than 23 per 1000)
-Boards of health control water supplies and sewage but can only advice change in town
- Medical officers health
What was limited change of Public Health Act 1848
- Govt still have laissez-faire attitude
- Public Health Act was optional action
- public health Act had limited impact on wealthier people.
What did John snow do
Link Cholera with water (Cholera is waterborne) by removing pump
How did John snow proves Cholera is link with water
Uses farr’s medical statistic between contaminated water and sewage
Impact and significance of Snow
1855 - Snow recommended sewer improvement
=> Govt agree in 1875
due to snow and great
stink
- many ppl rejected
- other scientist pointed out ppl further away still infected
- General Board Health clung to miasma
What were the main problems of surgery in 1848
- pain (die to shock)
- infection
- Blood loss
How were blood loss prevented in surgery 1848
Catgut (Animal intestine)
