Mechanisms of sports trauma- Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Compression (together) injury

A
  • crushes tissue
  • occurs when force can no longer be absorbed
  • ex. fractures, contusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tension (apart) injury

A

force that pulls/stretches tissue

  • stretching beyond yielding point
  • ex. sprains(ligaments), strains(muscles, tendons), avulsion fractures (pulling away of bone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Shearing injury

A
  • force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue
  • ex. blisters, vertebral disk injuries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acute injury

A

-sudden onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chronic injury

A
  • usually come with slow progression over a long period of time
  • repeated acute conditions
  • poor performance techniques
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

transverse fracture

A

horizontal break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

spiral fracture

A

torn in half by twisting force or impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

oblique fracture

A

angle break through the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

comminuted fracture

A

“splinter” of bone into two or more fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

greenstick fracture

A

one side of bone broke, the other bent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

impacted fracture

A

broken ends jammed together by force of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

contrecoup fracture

A

injury occurs on opposite side of hit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

avulsion fracture (acute)

A
  • ligamentous attachment pulled away from bone

- tendinous attachment pulled away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

longitudinal fracture

A

occurs along or nearly along axis of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

depressed fracture

A

bone depressed below surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stress fracture

A
  • develops from overuse rather than acute trauma

- does not usually show up on x-rays right away

17
Q

subluxation

A

bone pops out of normal alignment and then goes right back into place

18
Q

dislocation

A

at least 1 bone forced out of normal alignment and stays out until put back
-1st time dislocations MUST be treated as fracture

19
Q

sprain (acute)

A
  • joint forced beyond normal anatomical limits
  • synovial joint injury
  • affects ligaments or capsule
20
Q

grades of sprains

A

1- least severe, some stretching
2- moderate, some tearing
3- most severe, total tearing

21
Q

contusions (bruise)

A
  • severity determined by amount of ROM affected

- speed of healing depends on tissue damage

22
Q

strains

A

stretch, tear, rip in muscle or tendon
3 grades
-1 local pain, increased with tension, mild rom loss
-2 same as g1 with moderate s/s of impaired muscle function
-3 loss of muscle function, palpable defect

23
Q

-itis

A

inflammation of

24
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendon-muscle attachments, tendon, or both

25
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding the tendon

26
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

-fluid filled sac that aids in reducing friction in joints

27
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degeneration of the articular or hyaline cartilage

28
Q

crepitus

A

cracking sound

29
Q

tendons

A

muscle to bone

30
Q

ligaments

A

bone to bone