Environmental Conditions- Chapter 5

Question 1

HYPERthermia

Answer 1

Elevated body temp

Question 2

What is metabolic heat production?

Answer 2

normal metabolism causes body temp to rise

Question 3

What is conductive heat exchange?

Answer 3

physical contact with other objects can result in heat loss or gain
-ex. artificial turf on hot day

Question 4

What is convective heat exchange?

Answer 4

body heat can be lost or gained depending on temp of circulating medium
-ex. cool breeze

Question 5

What is radiant heat exchange?

Answer 5

Radiant heat from sunshine causes an increase in body temp

Question 6

What is evaporative heat loss?

Answer 6

sweat glands in the skin allow water to be transported to the surface where it evaporates; taking large quantities of heat with it

Question 7

What is wet bulb globe temp? (WBGT)

Answer 7

• Dry and wet bulb temp

- Yields an index on which recommendations relative to outdoor activity are based

Question 8

Signs/symptoms and cause of heat rash?

Answer 8

• red/raised rash accompanied by sensation of prickling and tickling during sweating
• skin continuously wet with unevaporated sweat

Question 9

Signs/symptoms and cause of heat syncope?

Answer 9

• dizziness, fainting, nausea
• being in heat for long periods of time
• not accustomed to exercise in heat

Question 10

Signs/symptoms and cause of heat cramps?

Answer 10

• muscle twitching/ cramps, usually after midday; spasm in arms, legs, abdomen
• hardwork in heat, sweating heavily, imbalance between water/electrolytes

Question 11

Signs/symptoms and cause of heat exhaustion?

Answer 11

• thirst/dryness, weakness, slightly elevated body temp

- prolonged sweating, not replacing fluids, diarrhea, intestinal infection

Question 12

Signs/symptoms and cause of heat stroke?

Answer 12

• headache, vertigo, fatigue
• fast pulse, fast breathing, BP and temp rise
• diarrhea, vomiting
• thermoregulatory failure of sudden onset

Question 13

What symptoms of hypohydration?

Answer 13

• reduced muscular strength/endurance
• decreased blood/plasma volume, kidney function
• altered cardiac function
• reduced glycogen stores
• loss of eletrolytes

Question 14

When and how long should weight records be done?

Answer 14

-before/after practice for 2 weeks

Question 15

What is HYPOthermia?

Answer 15

65% of heat produced by body lost through radiation

Question 16

For every 5mph of wind…

Answer 16

add layer of clothing

Question 17

Define chillblaines

Answer 17

-prolonged exposure to cold

Question 18

Define superficial frostbite

Answer 18

only skin and subcutaneous tissue

• pale, hard, cold, waxy skin
• painful for weeks

Question 19

Define deep frostbite

Answer 19

tissue frozen

-immediate hospitalization

Question 20

Electrical storms are…

Answer 20

2 cause of death by weather phenomena

• begin prep for evacuation after hearing thunder
• see lightening head to safe shelter

Question 21

What is a “watch”?

Answer 21

• indicates conditions are favorable for particular weather conditions
• watches up to 48 hours in advance with forecaster confidence around 50 %

Question 22

What is “warning/advisory”?

Answer 22

• indicates particular weather event is imminent/occurring
• advisories- issued if weather event will lead to nuisance conditions
• warnings- issued for significant weather that pose risk to life/property

Question 23

Define photochemical haze

Answer 23

nitrogen dioxide and stagnant air that are acted on by sunlight to produce ozone

Question 24

Define smog

Answer 24

combination of carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide