Mechanisms Of Reaction Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nucleophile?

A
  • A species with excess electron density e.g a negatively charged ion/molecule / something with a lone pair.
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2
Q

What is an electrophile?

A
  • A molecule with electron deficiency. Fully or partially positively charged.
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3
Q

What is a free radical?

A
  • A species with an unpaired electron.
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4
Q

What is homolytic fission?

A
  • When a covalent bond in a molecule is broken so that two free radicals (each with an unpaired electron) are produced.
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5
Q

What is heterolytic fission?

A
  • When a covalent bond in a molecule is broken in such a way that the shared pair of E- is taken by one of the species. Forms an anion and a cation.
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6
Q

How are free radicals formed in the atmosphere?

A
  • UV light causes certain bonds to vibrate more than others, cleaving them in a homolytic fission reaction.
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7
Q

What occurs during the initiation step of free radical substitution?

A
  • 2 radicals are produced from a diatomic molecule.
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8
Q

What occurs during the propagation step of free radical substitution?

A
  • The free radicals produced by homolytic fission during initiation are used, and a new free radical is produced.
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9
Q

What occurs during the termination step of free radical substitution?

A
  • The termination step is when two free radicals collide with each other to produce non-radical products.
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