Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APSY 1-1 General Biology > Mechanisms of Evolution > Flashcards

Mechanisms of Evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

individuals in a species carry different alleles (one member of a pair) that are located at a specific position on a specific chromosome

A

Genetic Variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population,

A

Genetic Variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is any change in gene and allele frequencies within a population or species.

A

Evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is an alternative form of a gene.

A

Allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is the proportion of gene copies in a population of a given allele.

A

allele frequencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Affects variation in a population as the better adapted (more fit) individuals to their environment survive and reproduce, passing on their genes to successive generations increasing the frequency of favorable alleles in the population.

A

Natural Selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nature “selects” which organisms will be successful

A

Natural Selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.

A

Natural Selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

In nature, more offspring are produced than can survive.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

In any population, individuals have no variations.

A

FALSE. They have variations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Individuals with advantageous variations survive and pass on their variations to the next generation.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Overtime, offspring with certain disadvantageous variations make up most of the population.

A

FALSE. The offspring that make up the most of the population are those with advantageous variations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

It is what happens when two or more populations interbreed. This generally increases genetic diversity.

A

Gene Flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is the movement of alleles into or out of a population (immigration or emigration).

A

Gene Flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Genetic Drift can introduce new alleles into a gene pool or can change allele frequencies.

A

FALSE. The statement refers to Gene Flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The overall effect of this mechanism is to counteract natural selection by creating fewer differences between populations.

A

Gene Flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plant pollen being blown into a new area is an example of?

A

Gene Flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Some individuals from a population of brown beetles might have joined a population of green beetles. That would make the genes for brown beetles more frequent in the green beetle population.

The situation above shows an example of?

A

Gene Flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The change in allele frequencies as a result of chance processes. These changes are much more pronounced in small populations.

A

Genetic Drift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Directly related to the population numbers.

A

Genetic Drift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Smaller population sizes are more susceptible to genetic drift than larger populations because there is a greater chance that a rare allele will be lost.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two examples of Genetic Drift?

A

1) The Founder Effect
2) Population Bottleneck

23
Q

It occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population.

A

The Founder Effect

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

A small population that branches off from a larger one will be genetically representative of the larger population from which it was derived.

A

FALSE. It may or may not be. It is not certain.

25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Only a fraction of the total genetic diversity of the original gene pool is represented in these few individuals.

A

TRUE

26
Q

any kind of event that reduces the population significantly (Earthquakes, floods, diseases, etc.)

A

Bottleneck

27
Q

Occurs when a population undergoes an event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing.

A

Population Bottleneck

28
Q

These are inheritable changes in the genotype.

A

Mutations

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

A mutation is a change in DNA, the hereditary material of life.

A

TRUE

30
Q

Mutations provide the variation that can be acted upon by what?

A

Natural Selection

31
Q

These provide the raw material on which natural selection can act.

A

Mutations

32
Q

These are the only source of genetic material and new alleles.

A

Mutations

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Mutations can be neutral, harmful, or beneficial (gives an individual a better chance for survival).

A

TRUE

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

antibiotic resistance in bacteria is one form of Mutations

A

TRUE

35
Q

It affects how an organism looks, how it behaves, and its physiology—all aspects of its life.

A

DNA

36
Q

They occur in non-reproductive cells and won’t be passed onto offspring.

A

Somatic mutations

37
Q

For example, the golden color on half of this Red Delicious apple was caused by a what?

A

Somatic mutations

38
Q

They occur in reproductive cells like eggs and sperm. It is the only mutation that matters to large-scale evolution because it can be passed onto offspring.

A

Germline mutations

39
Q

The following are the range of effects of a single germline mutation, except?

a) No change occurs in phenotype.
b) Small change occurs in phenotype.
c) The big change occurs in genotype. A single mutation cannot have strong negative effects on the organism.

A

c) The big change occurs in genotype. A single mutation cannot have strong negative effects on the organism.

The big change actually occurs in phenotype. Even a single mutation can have a strong negative effects on the organism.

40
Q

Mutations that cause the death of an organism are called?

A

Letha

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

The following are the causes of Variation:
1) DNA fails to copy accurately.
2) External influences can create mutations.
3) Mutations can also be caused by exposure to specific chemicals or radiation.

A

FALSE. These are the causes of Mutations.

42
Q

In animals, this mechanism can change allele frequencies as the choice of mates is often an important part of behavior.

A

Non-random mating

43
Q

Many plants ____, which is also a form of non-random mating (inbreeding).

A

self-pollinate

44
Q

It results in a variety of traits in offspring as a result of crossing over in meiosis and mutations

A

Sexual reproduction

45
Q

It is a source of variation.

A

Genetic shuffling

46
Q

It occurs when certain traits increase mating success.

A

Sexual selection

47
Q

A Sexual Selection that refers to the competition among males.

A

intrasexual selection

48
Q

A Sexual Selection in which males display certain traits to females.

A

intersexual selection

49
Q

It refers to the percentage of alleles in a population.

A

Genetic Frequency

50
Q

The genetic constitution of an individual organism.

A

Genotype

51
Q

Appearance of an organism as distinguished from its genetic makeup.

A

Phenotype (usually depends on Genotype)

52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Mutations are random.

A

TRUE

53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

If mutations happen in somatic cells, it affects evolution.

A

FALSE. It doesn’t affect evolution.

APSY 1-1 General Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions