Mechanisms of Disease Flashcards
What is atherosclerosis?
Arterial walls lose elasticity, become thickened and rigid
Atherosclerosis occurs most at:
origin and bifurcations
Factors that affect capillary flow deficit:
severity of obstruction, location, and ability of body to compensate
When is mild obstruction evident?
When exercising
Ability of vascular beds to maintain constant level of bloow flow
autoregulation
Rise in pressure causes vessels to _____; Fall in pressure causes vessels to ____.
constrict; dilate
What happens when perfusion pressure drops below a critical level?
Autoregulation cannot occur
Factors contributing to arterial disease? Most prevalent?
diabetes, HTN, high cholesterol, smoking, age; Diabetes
What happens to arties with end-stage renal disease?
become calcified and non -compressible
Smoking causes higher likelihood of:
aorto-iliac inflow dz and Buerger’s disease.
What do arterial dz ulcerations look like?
deep and regular shape
Characteristics of arterial ulceration:
occurs at tibial area, toes, and bony proimences, pain is severe, deep and regular shape, little bleeding, and causes shiny skin hair loss and thickenned toenails
What is claudication?
Lack of perfusion causing pain during movement
Claudication disease process is usually:
proximal to pain
Ischemic pain occurs when ____; What happens to ABI?
resting; pressures very abnormal, ABI less than .3
Most common type of arteritis?
Buerger’s disease
Risk fx for arteritis:
young males, smoking, RA/lupus
Symptoms of arteritis?
Five P’s: pain, palor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis; cyanotic
Secondary result of Buerger’s? What does it typically present as?
Superficial thrombophlebitis; patchy areas of ulceration/gangrene
Fingers/toes experience temporary symptoms of arterial occlusion? Difference between primary and secondary?
Raynauds phenomenon; Primary= cold or stress; Secondary= underlying disease
Blue toe syndrome is result of:
small emboli obstruction circulation to digits
Toe pressure greater than 30 mmHG indicates:
non-healing
Three types of aneurysms:
fusiform, saccular, and berry
Predisposing factors of pseudoaneurysm?
cardiac cath or interventional procedure, biopsy, trauma (gunshot, stab wound), surgery
Pseudoaneurysm is usually located:
medial/lateral and anterior to affected artery
Causes of acquired AVF:
created for hemodialysis, penetrating trauma, or result of cannulation
US findings of an AVF:
Aliasing, high velocties w/ turbulence and spectral broadening, low resistance and pulsatility
