Carotid 2 Flashcards
Decrease/cessation of flow due to plaque
atherothrombotic
loss of blood flow d/t stenosis/occlusion
ischemia
cardiac function compormised, causes emobolism resulting in ischemia
cardiogenic
death of brain tissue due to bloackage or artery in brain
lacunar infarction
The second most common cause of cerebrovascular insufficiency is
hemorrhage
hemorrhage can be caused by:
HTN, trauma, ruptured aneurysm
With atherosclerosis, arteries _____
harden and become less elastic. creates narrowing in vessel
Form of arteriosclerosis, focal accumulation of plaque
atherosclerosis
obstruction
embolism
slow moving platelets/RBC sticking together
thrombosis
narrowing of vessel
stenosis
dilation of vessel
aneurysm
tear in intima creating false lumen
dissection
What are some anterior circulation effects (ICA, CCA, ECA)?
uni. paresis, uni. paresthesia, dysphasia and aphasia, behavioral symptoms, amaurosis fugax
Posterior circulation effects (vertebral)?
vertigo, ataxia, bil. blurry vision, diplopia (double vision) bil. paresthesia
low levels echoes along intima
fatty streaks
low to mid level echoes created by lipid, collagen, and elastic fibers
fibrous plaque
all levels of echogenicity caused by fibrous tissue, collagen, calcifcations
complex plaque
smooth border deteriorating (pieces can break off)
ulcerative lesion
hypoechoic/anechoic area within plaque, may be indicative for rupture
intraplaque hemmorahge
50% diameter reduction =
75% cross sectional reduction
increased velocities unilateral CCA can mean
stenosis on contralateral side
diminished velocities unilateral means
proximal disease CCA or innominate
