Mechanisms Flashcards
Alkane → Halogenolalkane
REAGENTS: Br₂ / Cl₂ CONDITIONS: UV light MECHANISM: Free Radical Substitution
Alkene → Halogenolalkane
REAGENTS: HBr / HCl CONDITIONS: room temp MECHANISM: electrophilic addition
Alkene → Dihalogenolalkane
REAGENTS: Br₂ / Cl₂ CONDITIONS: room temp MECHANISM: electrophilic addition
Alkene → Alcohol
STAGE 1 : Alkene → Alkly hydrogensulfate
REAGENTS: conc h2so4 CONDITIONS: room temp MECHANISM: electrophilic addition
STAGE 2 : Alkyl hydrogensulfate → Alcohol
REAGENTS: water CONDITIONS: warm mixture MECHANISM: hydrolysis
Halogenolakane → Alcohol
REAGENTS: KOH / NaOH CONDITIONS: aqueous solution heat under reflux MECHANISM: nucleophilic substitution
Halogenolakane → Nitrile
REAGENTS: KCN dissolved in ethanol CONDITIONS: heat under reflux MECHANISM: nucleophilic substitution
Halogenolakane → primary amine
REAGENTS: NH3 dissolved in ethanol CONDITIONS: heat under pressure in a sealed tube MECHANISM: nucleophilic substitution
Halogenolakane → Alkene
REAGENTS: KOH / NaOH CONDITIONS: in ethanol heat MECHANISM: nucleophilic substitution
Alcohol → Aldehyde
REAGENTS: acidified potassium dichromate solution k2cr2o7 dilute h2so4 CONDITIONS: limited amount of dichromate warm gently distil immediately
Alcohol → Carboxylic Acid
REAGENTS: acidified potassium dichromate solution k2cr2o7 dilute h2so4 CONDITIONS: excess of dichromate heat under reflux distil after reaction has finished
Alcohol → Ketone
REAGENTS: acidified potassium dichromate solution k2cr2o7 dilute h2so4 CONDITIONS: heat under reflux
Alcohol→ Alkene
REAGENTS: conc h2so4 / conc h3po4 CONDITIONS: warm under reflux 170 degrees c MECHANISM: acid catalysed elimination
Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid
REAGENTS: acidified potassium dichromate solution k2cr2o7 dilute h2so4 CONDITIONS: heat under reflux
Aldehyde / Ketone → Hydroxynitrile
REAGENTS: NaCN dilute sulfuric acid h2so4 CONDITIONS: room temp room pressure MECHANISM: nucleophilic addition
Aldehyde → Alcohol
REAGENTS: NaNH4 in aqueous ethanol CONDITIONS: room temp room pressure MECHANISM: nucleophilic addition
Ketone → Alcohol
REAGENTS: NaNH4 in aqueous ethanol CONDITIONS: room temp room pressure MECHANISM: nucleophilic addition
Alcohol → Ester
REAGENTS:
carboxylic acid
h2so4
CONDITIONS:
MECHANISM:
esterification
Carboxylic Acid→ Ester
REAGENTS:
alcohol
h2so4
CONDITIONS:
MECHANISM:
esterification
Acyl Chloride / Acid Anhydride → Carbonxylic Acid
REAGENTS: water CONDITIONS: room temp MECHANISM: nucleophilic addition elimination
Acyl Chloride / Acid Anhydride → Ester
REAGENTS: alcohol CONDITIONS: room temp MECHANISM: nucleophilic addition elimination
Acyl Chloride / Acid Anhydride → primary amide
REAGENTS: ammonia CONDITIONS: room temp MECHANISM: nucleophilic addition elimination
Acyl Chloride / Acid Anhydride → secondary amide
REAGENTS: primary amide CONDITIONS: room temp MECHANISM: nucleophilic addition elimination
