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Chemistry > Mechanisms > Flashcards

Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane → Halogenolalkane

A 
REAGENTS:
Br₂ / Cl₂
CONDITIONS:
UV light
MECHANISM:
Free Radical Substitution
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2
Q

Alkene → Halogenolalkane

A 
REAGENTS:
HBr / HCl
CONDITIONS:
room temp
MECHANISM:
electrophilic addition
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3
Q

Alkene → Dihalogenolalkane

A 
REAGENTS:
Br₂ / Cl₂
CONDITIONS:
room temp
MECHANISM:
electrophilic addition
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4
Q

Alkene → Alcohol

A

STAGE 1 : Alkene → Alkly hydrogensulfate

REAGENTS:
conc h2so4
CONDITIONS:
room temp
MECHANISM:
electrophilic addition

STAGE 2 : Alkyl hydrogensulfate → Alcohol

REAGENTS:
water
CONDITIONS:
warm mixture
MECHANISM:
hydrolysis
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5
Q

Halogenolakane → Alcohol

A 
REAGENTS:
KOH / NaOH
CONDITIONS:
aqueous solution
heat under reflux
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic substitution
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6
Q

Halogenolakane → Nitrile

A 
REAGENTS:
KCN dissolved in ethanol
CONDITIONS:
heat under reflux
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic substitution
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7
Q

Halogenolakane → primary amine

A 
REAGENTS:
NH3 dissolved in ethanol
CONDITIONS:
heat under pressure in a sealed tube
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic substitution
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8
Q

Halogenolakane → Alkene

A 
REAGENTS:
KOH / NaOH
CONDITIONS:
in ethanol
heat
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic substitution
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9
Q

Alcohol → Aldehyde

A 
REAGENTS:
acidified potassium dichromate solution k2cr2o7
dilute h2so4
CONDITIONS:
limited amount of dichromate
warm gently
distil immediately
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10
Q

Alcohol → Carboxylic Acid

A 
REAGENTS:
acidified potassium dichromate solution k2cr2o7
dilute h2so4
CONDITIONS:
excess of dichromate
heat under reflux
distil after reaction has finished
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11
Q

Alcohol → Ketone

A 
REAGENTS:
acidified potassium dichromate solution k2cr2o7
dilute h2so4
CONDITIONS:
heat under reflux
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12
Q

Alcohol→ Alkene

A 
REAGENTS:
conc h2so4 / conc h3po4
CONDITIONS:
warm under reflux
170 degrees c
MECHANISM:
acid catalysed elimination
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13
Q

Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid

A 
REAGENTS:
acidified potassium dichromate solution k2cr2o7
dilute h2so4
CONDITIONS:
heat under reflux
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14
Q

Aldehyde / Ketone → Hydroxynitrile

A 
REAGENTS:
NaCN
dilute sulfuric acid h2so4
CONDITIONS:
room temp
room pressure
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic addition
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15
Q

Aldehyde → Alcohol

A 
REAGENTS:
NaNH4 in aqueous ethanol
CONDITIONS:
room temp 
room pressure
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic addition
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16
Q

Ketone → Alcohol

A 
REAGENTS:
NaNH4 in aqueous ethanol
CONDITIONS:
room temp 
room pressure
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic addition
17
Q

Alcohol → Ester

A

REAGENTS:
carboxylic acid
h2so4
CONDITIONS:

MECHANISM:
esterification

18
Q

Carboxylic Acid→ Ester

A

REAGENTS:
alcohol
h2so4
CONDITIONS:

MECHANISM:
esterification

19
Q

Acyl Chloride / Acid Anhydride → Carbonxylic Acid

A 
REAGENTS:
water
CONDITIONS:
room temp
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic addition elimination
20
Q

Acyl Chloride / Acid Anhydride → Ester

A 
REAGENTS:
alcohol
CONDITIONS:
room temp
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic addition elimination
21
Q

Acyl Chloride / Acid Anhydride → primary amide

A 
REAGENTS:
ammonia
CONDITIONS:
room temp
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic addition elimination
22
Q

Acyl Chloride / Acid Anhydride → secondary amide

A 
REAGENTS:
primary amide
CONDITIONS:
room temp
MECHANISM:
nucleophilic addition elimination

Chemistry (7 decks)

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