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Chemistry > Amount of Substance > Flashcards

Amount of Substance Flashcards

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1
Q

Diatomic molecules

A

H2 , N2 , O2 , F2 , Cl2 , Br2 , I2

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2
Q

phosphorus exists as …

A

P4

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3
Q

Sulfur exists as …

A

S8

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4
Q

Ammonia formula

A

NH3

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5
Q

Hydrogen peroxide formula

A

H2O2

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6
Q

sulfate ion formula

A

SO4 2-

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7
Q

nitrate ion formula

A

NO3 -

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8
Q

carbonate ion formula

A

CO3 2-

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9
Q

hydroxide ion formula

A

OH -

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10
Q

ammonium ion formula

A

NH4 -

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11
Q

hydrogen carbonate ion formula

A

HCO3 -

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12
Q

Empirical Formula

A

Simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound.
Used for ionic compounds and macromolecules.

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13
Q

Molecular Formula

A

Shows actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of the substance.
Used for all molecular covalent substances.

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14
Q

Avogadro Constant

A

number of atoms in 12 g of carbon-12

6.02 x 10-23

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15
Q

ideal gas equation

A 
pV = nRT
R = 8.314
Pressure = Pa
Volume =  m3
Temperature = K
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16
Q

density equation

A 
Mass = density x volume
Density = gcm-3
17
Q

concentration equation

A 
Moles = volume x concentration
Volume = dm3
Concentration = moldm-3 or M
18
Q

Phenolphthalein indicator

A 
Acidic solution = colourless
Neutral solution = colourless
Alkaline solution = pink
Titrations suitable for
Strong acid - strong base
Weak acid - strong base
19
Q

Methyl orange indicator

A 
Acidic solution = red
Neutral solution = orange
Alkaline solution = yellow
Titrations suitable for
Strong acid - strong base
Strong acid - weak base
20
Q

Strong acids

A 
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
21
Q

Weak acids

A

Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)

22
Q

Strong bases

A 
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
23
Q

Weak bases

A

Ammonia (NH3)

24
Q

Percentage yield

A

A comparison of the real and theoretical yield of a reaction.

25
Q

Theoretical yield

A

maximum mass of product that could be produced.

Calculated from balanced equation.

26
Q

Atom economy

A

Mr of desired product divided by Mr of all reactants

27
Q

Hydration

A

Reaction carried out in water

May produce product with water in which is difficult to remove

28
Q

Factors affecting yield

A

Chemicals may remain stuck to glassware and be wasted
Difficult to extract/separate product from reaction mixture
Unexpected side reactions may occur so intended product may not be created.
Incomplete reaction due to slow reaction time or reversible reaction

Chemistry (7 decks)

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