Mechanisms Flashcards
what is nucleophilic subsitution?
organic reaction where a nucleophile attacks an electron deficient molecule and replaces the halogen in the atom
what is a nucleophile?
- electron pair donor
give three types of nucleophile
OH -
CN -
NH3
what are the conditions for ammonia?
excess
ethanolic
under pressure
why is ammonia in excess?
to prevent further substiution
what does the second ammonia do?
remove hydrogen halide to prevent formation of salt
what is the equation for overall reaction with ammonia?
R-X + 2NH2 → RNH2+ NH4X
what are the conditions for potassium cyanide?
- in reflux
- warm
- ethanolic
what is the product with reaction with cyanide?
nitrile
what are the conditions for sodium hydroxide?
warm aqueous
what is the equation for overall reaction with NaOH?
R-X + OH- → R-OH + X-
how does elimination differ from nucleophilic substiution?
conditions - hot and ethanolic
what class of alchols react with NaOH via elimination?
tertiary alcohols
what class of alchols react with NaOH via substiution?
primary alcohols
