formulas and isomerism definitions Flashcards
what is empirical formula?
simplest whole number of ratio of the atoms of each elements in a molecule
what is molecular formula?
actual number of atoms of each element in molecule
what is general formula?
algebraic formula that describes any member of a homologous series
what is a homologous series?
family of organic molecules that have same general formula and functional group
- differ by -CH2
- different physical properties
what is structural formula?
shows arrangement of atoms in molecule in simplified form
what is displayed formula?
shows every atom and bond in molecule
what is skeletal formula?
shows bonds of carbon skeleton only
what are the two types of isomers?
- structural isomers
- stereoisomers
what is a structural isomer?
molecule with same molecular formula but different structural formula
what are the three types of structural isomers?
- chain
- position
- functional group
what are chain isomers and their properties?
- different arrangement of carbon skeleton
- similar chemical properties
- different physical properties
what are position isomers and their properties?
- different position of functional group
- same carbon skeleton
- similar chemical properties
- different physical properties
what are functional group isomers and their properties
- different functional group
- different chemical properties
- different physical properties
state three types of functional group isomers
- aldehydes/ketones
- acids/esters
- alchols/ethers
what is a geometric isomer?
same molecular formula but different spatial arrangement