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A-level Chemistry Organic > Mechanisms > Flashcards

Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Name:
The mechanism
The reagents
The conditions for:
Alkane to Halogenoalkane

A

Free Radical Substitution
The Halogen of the Halogenoalkane made
UV light

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2
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Halogenoalkane to Alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution
NaOH
Warm aqeuous

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3
Q

Name:
The mechanism
The reagents
The conditions for:
Halogenoalkane to Alkene

A

Elimination
KOH or NaOH
Hot in ethanol

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4
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Halogenoalkane to Nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution
KCN
aqueous ethanol

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5
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Halogenoalkane to Primary amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Ammonia/NH3
Excess Ammonia

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6
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Alkene to Alkane

A

Catalytic hydrogenation
H2/hydrogen
Ni

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7
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Alkene to Dibromoalkane

A

Electrophilic addition
Br2/ Bromine
No specific conditions/room temperature

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8
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Alkene to Bromoalkane

A

Electrophilic addition
HBr
No specific conditions/room temperature

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9
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Alkene to Alkylhydrogensulphate to Alcohol

A

Electrophilic addition then hydrolysis
H2SO4 then water/H2O
No specific conditions/room temperature

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10
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Alkene to Alchohol

A

Electrophilic addition/direct hydration
Steam
Concentrated H3PO4 or H2SO4

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11
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Alcohol to Alkene

A

Dehydration
Concentrated H2SO4
No specific conditions

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12
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Primary Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

Oxidation
Acidified Potassium Dichromate/
K2Cr2O7/H+
Distillation

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13
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Primary Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

A

Oxidation
Acidified Potassium Dichromate(K2Cr2O7/H+)
Excess Acidified Potassium Dichromate(K2Cr2O7/H+) AND REFLUX

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14
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Alcohol to Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

A

Oxidation
Acidified Potassium Dichromate(K2Cr2O7/H+)
Reflux

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15
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Secondary Alcohol to Ketone

A

Oxidation
Acidified Potassium Dichromate(K2Cr2O7/H+)
Reflux

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16
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Aldehyde or Ketone to Alcohol

A

Reduction
NaBH4
No specific conditions

17
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Aldehyde or Ketone to Hydroxynitrile

A

Nucleophilic addition
KCN and dilute HCl
No specific conditions

18
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination
Water/H2O
NPC

19
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Acyl Chloride to Ester

A

Nucleophilic Addition Elimination
Alcohol
NPC

20
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Acyl Chloride to Amide

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination
Ammonia/NH3
NPC

21
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Acyl Chloride to Secondary amide(N-substituted amide

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination
Amide
NPC

22
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Acid Anhydride to Carboxylic Acid

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination
Water/H2O
No specific conditions

23
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Acid Anhydride to Ester

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination
Alcohol
No specific conditions

24
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Acid Anhydride to Amide

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination
Ammonia/NH3

25
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Acid Anhydride to Secondary amide
(N-substituted Amide)

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination
Amide
No specific conditions

26
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Carboxylic Acid to Carboxylate salt

A

Neutralisation
NaOH
No specific conditions

27
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Carboxylic Acid to Ester

A

Esterification
Alcohol
Concentrated H2SO4

28
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Ester to Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol

A

Acid Hydrolysis
H2O
Concentrated H2SO4

29
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Ester to Carboxylate Salt + Alcohol

A

Base hydrolysis
NaOH
No specific conditions

30
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Benzene to Nitrobenzene

A

Electrophilic substitution
Concentrated HNO3
Concentrated H2SO4

31
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Benzene to Phenylketone

A

Electrophilic substitution
Acyl Chloride
Aluminium chloride(AlCl3)

32
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
1° Amine to 2° Amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution
haloalkane
NPC

33
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
2° Amine to 3° Amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution
haloalkane
NPC

34
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
3° Amine to 4° ammonium salt

A

Nucleophilic substitution
haloalkane
NPC

35
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Amine to Akylammonium salt

A

Acid-base
HCl
NPC

36
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine

A

Reduction
Concentrated HCl
Tin(Sn)

37
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Nitrile to Amine

A

Reduction
H2
Nickel(Ni)

38
Q

Name:
The mechanism/reaction
The reagents
The conditions for:
Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid

A

Hydrolysis
Dilute HCl
No specific conditions

A-level Chemistry Organic (3 decks)

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