Mechanisms

Question 1

KCN conditions

Answer 1

aqueous followed by dilute acid

Question 2

KCN mechanism

Answer 2

nuc add

Question 3

NaBH4 mechanism

Answer 3

reduction/nuc add

Question 4

NaBH4 condition

Answer 4

aqueous

Question 5

esterification conditions

Answer 5

heat
strong acid catalyst

Question 6

saponification

Answer 6

ester hydrolysis but in presence of an alkali

Question 7

Making biodiesel

Answer 7

vegetable oils + methanol. (sodium hydroxide on arrow as catalyst)

Question 8

Vegetable oils and animal fats are

Answer 8

esters (lipids) of propan-1,2,3-triol (glycerol

Question 9

Acid hydrolysis of an ester gives

Answer 9

alcohol and carboxylic acid

Question 10

alkaline hydrolysis of an ester gives

Answer 10

alcohol and carboxylate salt (Na/K)

Question 11

How is soap made?

Answer 11

Vegetable oils/animal fats react with KOH (alkaline conditions) to form soap and glycerol.

Question 12

Nitration of benzene conditions

Answer 12

CONC HNO3 and CONC H2SO4
50 degrees C

Question 13

fiedel crafts acylation conditions

Answer 13

anhydrous acyl chloride or acid anhydride (prevents reaction with AlCl3)
AlCl3 catalyst