Acylation

Question 1

What is biodiesel

Answer 1

A mixture of methyl esters

Question 2

Biodiesel formation word equation

Answer 2

Lipid + 3 methanol = glycerol + 3methyl ester

Question 3

Soap formation word equation

Answer 3

Lipid + 3KOH = soap (fatty acid salts)+ glycerol

Question 4

Esterification

Answer 4

Alcohol + carboxylic acid= ester + H20
Conc h2SO4
heat

Question 5

Saponification

Answer 5

Ester + OH-= carboxylate ion + alcohol

Question 6

Reactions of carboxylic acid with carbonates produces …and example

Answer 6

Carboxylate ion H2O and CO2
Ethanoic acid + calcium carbonate goes to calcium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide

Question 7

Ester hydrolysis

Answer 7

Ester + H2O = alcohol and carboxylic acid

Question 8

Formation of lipid word equation

Answer 8

3 Carboxylic acid (fatty acids)+ glycerol = lipid + 3H2O

Question 9

Advantage of using ethanoic anhydride rather than ethanol chloride in production of aspirin

Answer 9

Cheaper
Less corrosive and not so readily hydrolysed
Doesn’t produce dangerous (corrosive and poisonous) fumes of HCl

Question 10

Uses of esters

Answer 10

Solvents
Perfumes
Food flavourings
Plasticisers

Question 11

Anhydride functional group

Answer 11

R-COCOO-R
Or
(R-CO)2O

Question 12

Acyl chlorides functional group

Answer 12

R-COCl

Question 13

Amides functional group

Answer 13

R-CONH2

Question 14

Suggest 2 ways in which the MP of made aspirin collected would differ from the MP of pure aspirin

Answer 14

Value lower
Range of values (not a sharp MP)

Question 15

Reactions of acyl chloride or acid anhydride with water, alcohols, ammonia, amines. Type of reaction is called:

Answer 15

Nucleophilic addition- elimination
Learn mechanism for them

Question 16

Reaction of acyl chloride and acid anhydride with water, ammonia, alcohols or amines mechanism is called

Answer 16

Nucleophilic addition- elimination