Mechanisms

Question 1

arrow from bond to H makes what ( X-H )

Answer 1

hydride, H- and X+

Question 2

arrow from bond to X makes what ( X-H )

Answer 2

proton, H+ and X-

Question 3

what does arrow represent

Answer 3

movement of two electrons

Question 4

what are nucleophiles

Answer 4

electron rich, nucleus seeking reagents, usually have negative charge or lone pair

Question 5

what are electrophiles

Answer 5

electron deficient, electron seeking reagents, usually have positive charge

Question 6

what is a good leaving group

Answer 6

something that can form a stable ion/neutral molecule after leaving the substrate

Question 7

draw a energy profile with intermediate state

Answer 7

2 dips

Question 8

draw a energy profile with transition state

Answer 8

1 dip

Question 9

what does Sn2 stand for

Answer 9

substitution nucleophilic bimolecular

Question 10

what is the rate equation for Sn2

Answer 10

Rate=k[RL][Nu]

[RL]= conc of substrate containing leaving group
[Nu]= conc of attacking nucleophile

Question 11

what does a rear side attack in SN2 reaction cause

Answer 11

inversion of configuration

Question 12

what makes good nucleophiles

Answer 12

strong bases, anion is better than uncharged conjugate acid

Question 13

how do solvents affect nucleophilicity

Answer 13

anion stabilised by hydrogen bonding, solvation molecule must be lost before anion can attack as nucleophile idk

Question 14

what makes a good leaving group

Answer 14

weak base

Question 15

what does the protonation of alcohol produce

Answer 15

the conjugate acid

Question 16

why do cyclic substrates react slower than acyclic

Answer 16

ring strain

Question 17

what does a SN2 transition state require

Answer 17

sp2 hybridisation with 3 substituents spaced 120 degrees apart