carbon oxygen bond forming reactions

Question 1

what is used to hydrate and alkene

Answer 1

aqueous acid

Question 2

what happens if the acid used in hydration of an alkene is too strong

Answer 2

it leads to dehydration (OH to C=C)

Question 3

what is another more reliable way to hydrate alkenes

Answer 3

oxymercuration, alkenes are soft nucleophiles and will interact with soft electrophiles (like transition metal cations mercury ii), mechanistically similar to bomination

Question 4

how to achieve anti markovnikov hydration (h goes on the c with less h)

Answer 4

hydroboration, use boron in form of borane or alkyl borane

Question 5

in dihydroxylation of alkenes there are 2 OH groups on a ring, name 2 reagents and what stereochemistry they will cause

Answer 5

anti 1,2-diol (opposite stereochem)= generation of epoxide then sn2 ring opener with water

syn 1,2-diol= reaction of cyclohexene with osmium tetroxide

Question 6

name a way to form diols

Answer 6

dihydroxylation