Mechanisms

Question 1

Bisoprolol (beta blocker ) etc atenalol , nebivolol

Answer 1

reduces cardiac workload by decreasing contractility and the need for oxygen through competitive inhibition of β1-adrenergic receptors.relaxing blood vessels and slowing heart rate to improve and decrease blood pressure.

Bisoprolol is also reduce the output of renin in the kidneys, which normally increases blood pressure.

blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline.

Question 2

Amlodipine (calcium channel blocker ) etc diltezam /verapamil

Answer 2

preventing calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries. Calcium causes the heart and arteries to squeeze (contract) more strongly. By blocking calcium, calcium channel blockers allow blood vessels to relax and open.
byblocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium
amlodipine has the longest half-life at 30 to 50 hours.