MECHANISMS Flashcards
1
Q
MERCURIALS
A
-SH REACTION -> R-S-HG-R’
2
Q
HYDROUS BENZOYL PEROXIDE
A
PROLIFERATION OF EPITHELIAL
CELLS
3
Q
PHENOLS
A
INTERFERE WITH CELL MEMBRANE
INTEGRITY
4
Q
POLYENES
A
- FALSE MEMBRANE COMPONENT
- ESTERIFICATION OF ERGOSTEROL
5
Q
GRISEOFULVIN
A
MITOTIC SPINDLE POISON
6
Q
TOLNAFTATE
A
SQUALENE EPOXIDASE INHIBITOR
7
Q
ECHINOCANADINS
A
CELL WALL INHIBITOR [(1,3)-B-d-GLUCAN SYNTHASE]
8
Q
AUREOBASIDINS
A
INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE
(IPC) SYNTHASE INHIBITOR
9
Q
QUINOLONES
A
DNA GYRASE (TP II) & TP IV INHIBITION
10
Q
NITROFURANS
A
FREE RADICALS -> RIBOSOMAL DAMAGE -> INHIBITION OF DNA, RNA, PROTEIN, AND CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
11
Q
METHENAMINE
A
LIBERATION OF FORMALDEHYDE
ACIDIFIED WITH SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE + AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
12
Q
RIFAMPIN
A
RNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION
13
Q
ISONIAZID
A
MYCOLIC ACID INHIBITION
14
Q
PYRAZINAMIDE
A
PH REDUCTION (PYRAZINOIC ACID)
15
Q
ETHAMBUTOL
A
CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITION (ARABINOGALACTAN + MYCOLIC ACID INHIBITION)
16
Q
STREPTOMYCIN
A
30S INHIBITION (PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS)
17
Q
EFLORNITHINE
A
ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE INHIBITION
18
Q
DIMERCAPROL
A
CHELATION
19
Q
PYRANTEL PAMOATE
A
DEPOLARIZING NEUROMUSCULAR
BLOCKING AGENT (PARALYSIS)
20
Q
PRAZIQUANTEL
A
TETANIC CONTRACTION (INFLUX OF
CALCIUM IONS)
21
Q
SULFANILAMIDES
A
DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHETASE
INHIBITOR
22
Q
DAPSONE (DDS)
A
DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHETASE
INHIBITOR
23
Q
PRIMAQUINE
A
MITOCHONDRIA DISRUPTION
24
Q
DOXYCYCLINE
A
30S BINDING
(PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION)
25
LUMEFANTRINE
B-HEMATININ INHIBITION
26
SULFADOXINE + PYRIMETHAMINE (FANSIDAR)
1. FOLIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS
2. DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE INHIBITION
27
ATOVAQUONE + PROGUANIL (MALARONE)
1. DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE INHIBITION
2. MITCHONDRIAL DAMAGE
28
FOSMIDOMYCIN
INHIBITION OF:
1. NON-MEVALONATE PATHWAY
2. DOXP REDUCTOISOMERASE
3. GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE
29
IMIPENEM (+ CILASTATIN)
DPH-1 INHIBITOR
30
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
1. 30S BINDING (-STATIC)
2. MRNA MISREADING (-CIDAL)
31
TETRACYCLINES
30S BINDING
32
MACROLIDES
50S BINDING
33
POLYPEPTIDES
CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
34
VANCOMYCIN
D-ALA-D-ALA TERMINUS BINDING
35
MOR: VANCOMYCIN
TERMINAL ALA REPLACED WITH D-LACTATE
36
TEICOPLANIN
PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER
37
LINCOMYCIN
50S BINDING
38
CHLORAMPHENICOL
50S BINDING
39
QUINUPRISTIN/DALFOPRISTIN
50S BINDING
40
MUPIROCIN
RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
INHIBITION
41
LINEZOLID
30S + 70S BINDING
42
FOSFOMYCIN TROMETHAMINE
NAM SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
43
CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS INFLUENZA
1. VIRAL UNCOATING INHIBITION
2. VIRAL ASSEMBLY INHIBITION (HEMAGGLUTININ)
44
NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS
NO RELEASE & SPREAD OF NEW VIRIONS
45
NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES
1. VIRAL REPLICATION INHIBITION (ANTI-METABOLITES/SUBSTRATE)
2. DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION
46
TRIFLURIDINE
DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION
47
IDOXURIDINE
DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION (DNA WITH I2)
48
CYTARABINE
NO UTILIZATION OF DEOXYCYTIDINE
49
FOSCARNET SODIUM
1. NON-COMPETITIVE DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION
2. NO INCORPORATION OF NUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATES
50
ACYCLOVIR
DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION
51
FAMCICLOVIR AND PENCICLOVIR
COMPETITIVE, DNA ELONGATION INHIBITION
52
RIBAVIRIN
ACT ON EARLY TRANSCRIPTION
(CAPPING AND ELONGATION OF MRNA)
53
PLECONARIL
1. INSERT INTO POCKETS
2. VIRUS X CELL RECEPTORS INTERFERENCE
3. VIRAL UNCOATING INHIBITION
54
ZIDOVUDINE (AZT)
DNA ELONGATION INHIBITION -> TERMINATION
55
ZALCITABINE (ddC)
CARRIER-MEDIATED DIFFUSION
56
LAMIVUDINE (3TC)
CARRIER-MEDIATED DIFFUSION
57
NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
INHIBITORS [NNRTIs]
1. ENZYME DISTORTION
2. SELECTIVE HIC-1 INHIBITION
58
NEVIRAPINE (NVP)
1. HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES
2. HEPATIC RECYCLING
59
DELAVIRDINE
1. HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES
2. HEPATIC RECYCLING
60
COMPOUND AMD-3100
CXCR4-SPECIFIC INHIBITOR
61
COMPOUND TAK-779
CCR5 BINDING
62
INTEGRASE INHIBITORS
BLOCKS HIV DNA INTO CD4 CELL DNA
63
SHORT-INTERFERING RNA (SIRNAS)
MRNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
64
NITROGEN MUSTARDS
1. HYDROGEN WITH AN ALKYL GROUP
2. ADDUCTS -> DNA BREAKAGE
65
ORGANOPLATINUM
CROSS-LINKING DNA STRANDS
66
NITROSOUREAS
RESTRICTED UNCOILING AND REPLICATION
67
ANTI-METABOLITES
PREVENTION OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF NORMAL CELLULAR METABOLITES BY ENZYME INHIBITION
68
ANTI-FOLATES
CO-FACTOR SITE INTERACTION
69
METHOTREXATE (MTX)
1. DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (DHFR) INHIBITION
2. THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE (TS) INHIBITION
70
PEMETREXED (MTA)
THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE (TS) INHIBITION
71
TRIMETREXATE (TMTX)
DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (DHFR) INHIBITION
72
HYDROXYUREA
RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE INHIBITION
73
6-MERCAPTOPURINE (6-MP)
DE NOVO PURINE SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
74
THIOGUANINE (6-TG)
TRIPHOSPHATE INCORPORATION
75
FLUDARABINE
1. DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
2. RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE INHIBITION
76
CLADRIBINE
1. INCORPORATION INTO DNA
2. DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
3. RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE INHIBITION
77
CLOFARABINE
DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
78
PENTOSTATIN
1. ADENOSINE DEAMINASE INHIBITION – INCREASE DATP
2. DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
79
NELARABINE
DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
80
5-FLUOROURACIL (5-FU)
THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE (TS) INHIBITION BY DEOXYRIBOSE MONOPHOSPHATE METABOLITE
81
FLOXURIDINE (FUDR)
5-FU -> TS INHIBITION -> NO DNA SYNTHESIS
82
CAPECITABINE
5-FU (THYMIDINE PHOSPHORYLASE) -> ESTERASE ACTIVITY -> HYDROLYZE THE CARBAMATE MOIETY -> DEAMINATION
83
GEMCITABINE
DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION VIA DNA
CHAIN TERMINATION
84
CYTARABINE
ARA-CTP -> DNA INCORPORATION -> DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
85
ACTINOMYCIN D (DACTINOMYCIN)
INTERCALATION OF G-C BASES -> DNA FUNCTION INHIBITION
86
ANTHRACYCLINES
1. INTERCALATION OF THE PLANAR RING SYSTEM REINFORCED BY AUXILIARY BINDING OF AMINO SUGAR
2. TOPOISOMERASE II INHIBITION
87
BLEOMYCIN
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) PRODUCTION -> SINGLE STRAND BREAKAGE
88
MITOMYCIN C
BIOREDUCTION
89
EPIPODOPHYLLOTOXINS
TOPOISOMERASE II INHIBITION
90
CAMPTOTHECINS
TOPOISOMERASE I INHIBITION
91
VINCA ALKALOIDS
1. BETA TUBULIN BINDING -> CELL DEATH
2. TUBULIN BINDING -> NO MITOTIC SPINDLE -> MICROTUBULE POLYMERIZATION INHIBITION
92
TAXANES
BETA TUBULIN BINDING -> CELL DEATH
93
DOCETAXEL
ASSEMBLY OF MICROTUBULES
94
PACLITAXEL
ASSEMBLY OF MICROTUBULES
95
PROTEIN (TYROSINE) KINASE
INHIBITORS
NO ADDITION OF PHOSPHATE GROUP TO PROTEIN
96
ERLOTINIB
EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR INHIBITION
97
LAPATINIB
HER2/NEU ACTIVITY INHIBITION
98
IMATINIB
BCR-ABL KINASE AND C-KIT KINASE INHIBITION
99
SORAFENIB
INTRACELLULAR AND CELL SURFACE KINASE (VEGFR) INHIBITION
100
SUNITINIB
RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES INHIBITION
101
BICALUTAMIDE
ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
102
FLUTAMIDE
ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
103
FULVESTRANT
ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BINDING
104
LEUPROLIDE ACETATE
GONADOTROPIN SECRETION INHIBITION
105
MEGESTROL ACETATE
PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR BINDING
106
TAMOXIFEN
SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS (SERMS)
107
RALOXIFENE
SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS (SERMS)
108
AROMATASE INHIBITORS
BLOCKS CONVERSION OF ANDROGEN TO ESTROGEN
109
ALDESLEUKIN
1. T-CELL GROWTH AND REGULATION
2. PROLIFERATION AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION IN B LYMPHOCYTES
3. MACROPHAGE ACTIVITY ENHANCEMENT
110
ALEMTUZUMAB
B AND T CELL BINDING
111
BEVACIZUMAB
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR BINDING
112
GEMTUZUMAB
CD33 BINDING (LEUKEMIC CELLS)
113
IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN, IODINE-131 TOSITUMOMAB
CD20 BINDING (LYMPHOID CELLS)
114
RITUXIMAB
CD20 BINDING (MALIGNANT B
LYMPHOID CELLS)
115
TRASTUZUMAB
HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR 2 PROTEIN AND NEU RECEPTOR BINDING (EXTRACELLULAR)
116
ASPARAGINASE
ASPARAGINE REDUCTION
117
DEXRAZOXANE
CHELATION
