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MED ORG CHEM PT. 2 > MECHANISMS > Flashcards

MECHANISMS Flashcards

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1
Q

MERCURIALS

A

-SH REACTION -> R-S-HG-R’

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2
Q

HYDROUS BENZOYL PEROXIDE

A

PROLIFERATION OF EPITHELIAL
CELLS

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3
Q

PHENOLS

A

INTERFERE WITH CELL MEMBRANE
INTEGRITY

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4
Q

POLYENES

A
  1. FALSE MEMBRANE COMPONENT
  2. ESTERIFICATION OF ERGOSTEROL
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5
Q

GRISEOFULVIN

A

MITOTIC SPINDLE POISON

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6
Q

TOLNAFTATE

A

SQUALENE EPOXIDASE INHIBITOR

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7
Q

ECHINOCANADINS

A

CELL WALL INHIBITOR [(1,3)-B-d-GLUCAN SYNTHASE]

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8
Q

AUREOBASIDINS

A

INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE
(IPC) SYNTHASE INHIBITOR

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9
Q

QUINOLONES

A

DNA GYRASE (TP II) & TP IV INHIBITION

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10
Q

NITROFURANS

A

FREE RADICALS -> RIBOSOMAL DAMAGE -> INHIBITION OF DNA, RNA, PROTEIN, AND CELL WALL SYNTHESIS

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11
Q

METHENAMINE

A

LIBERATION OF FORMALDEHYDE

ACIDIFIED WITH SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE + AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

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12
Q

RIFAMPIN

A

RNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION

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13
Q

ISONIAZID

A

MYCOLIC ACID INHIBITION

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14
Q

PYRAZINAMIDE

A

PH REDUCTION (PYRAZINOIC ACID)

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15
Q

ETHAMBUTOL

A

CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITION (ARABINOGALACTAN + MYCOLIC ACID INHIBITION)

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16
Q

STREPTOMYCIN

A

30S INHIBITION (PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS)

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17
Q

EFLORNITHINE

A

ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE INHIBITION

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18
Q

DIMERCAPROL

A

CHELATION

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19
Q

PYRANTEL PAMOATE

A

DEPOLARIZING NEUROMUSCULAR
BLOCKING AGENT (PARALYSIS)

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20
Q

PRAZIQUANTEL

A

TETANIC CONTRACTION (INFLUX OF
CALCIUM IONS)

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21
Q

SULFANILAMIDES

A

DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHETASE
INHIBITOR

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22
Q

DAPSONE (DDS)

A

DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHETASE
INHIBITOR

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23
Q

PRIMAQUINE

A

MITOCHONDRIA DISRUPTION

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24
Q

DOXYCYCLINE

A

30S BINDING
(PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION)

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25
Q

LUMEFANTRINE

A

B-HEMATININ INHIBITION

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26
Q

SULFADOXINE + PYRIMETHAMINE (FANSIDAR)

A
  1. FOLIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS
  2. DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE INHIBITION
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27
Q

ATOVAQUONE + PROGUANIL (MALARONE)

A
  1. DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE INHIBITION
  2. MITCHONDRIAL DAMAGE
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28
Q

FOSMIDOMYCIN

A

INHIBITION OF:
1. NON-MEVALONATE PATHWAY
2. DOXP REDUCTOISOMERASE
3. GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE

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29
Q

IMIPENEM (+ CILASTATIN)

A

DPH-1 INHIBITOR

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30
Q

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

A
  1. 30S BINDING (-STATIC)
  2. MRNA MISREADING (-CIDAL)
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31
Q

TETRACYCLINES

A

30S BINDING

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32
Q

MACROLIDES

A

50S BINDING

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33
Q

POLYPEPTIDES

A

CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITION

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34
Q

VANCOMYCIN

A

D-ALA-D-ALA TERMINUS BINDING

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35
Q

MOR: VANCOMYCIN

A

TERMINAL ALA REPLACED WITH D-LACTATE

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36
Q

TEICOPLANIN

A

PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER

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37
Q

LINCOMYCIN

A

50S BINDING

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38
Q

CHLORAMPHENICOL

A

50S BINDING

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39
Q

QUINUPRISTIN/DALFOPRISTIN

A

50S BINDING

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40
Q

MUPIROCIN

A

RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
INHIBITION

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41
Q

LINEZOLID

A

30S + 70S BINDING

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42
Q

FOSFOMYCIN TROMETHAMINE

A

NAM SYNTHESIS INHIBITION

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43
Q

CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS INFLUENZA

A
  1. VIRAL UNCOATING INHIBITION
  2. VIRAL ASSEMBLY INHIBITION (HEMAGGLUTININ)
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44
Q

NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS

A

NO RELEASE & SPREAD OF NEW VIRIONS

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45
Q

NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES

A
  1. VIRAL REPLICATION INHIBITION (ANTI-METABOLITES/SUBSTRATE)
  2. DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION
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46
Q

TRIFLURIDINE

A

DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION

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47
Q

IDOXURIDINE

A

DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION (DNA WITH I2)

48
Q

CYTARABINE

A

NO UTILIZATION OF DEOXYCYTIDINE

49
Q

FOSCARNET SODIUM

A
  1. NON-COMPETITIVE DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION
  2. NO INCORPORATION OF NUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATES
50
Q

ACYCLOVIR

A

DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITION

51
Q

FAMCICLOVIR AND PENCICLOVIR

A

COMPETITIVE, DNA ELONGATION INHIBITION

52
Q

RIBAVIRIN

A

ACT ON EARLY TRANSCRIPTION
(CAPPING AND ELONGATION OF MRNA)

53
Q

PLECONARIL

A
  1. INSERT INTO POCKETS
  2. VIRUS X CELL RECEPTORS INTERFERENCE
  3. VIRAL UNCOATING INHIBITION
54
Q

ZIDOVUDINE (AZT)

A

DNA ELONGATION INHIBITION -> TERMINATION

55
Q

ZALCITABINE (ddC)

A

CARRIER-MEDIATED DIFFUSION

56
Q

LAMIVUDINE (3TC)

A

CARRIER-MEDIATED DIFFUSION

57
Q

NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
INHIBITORS [NNRTIs]

A
  1. ENZYME DISTORTION
  2. SELECTIVE HIC-1 INHIBITION
58
Q

NEVIRAPINE (NVP)

A
  1. HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES
  2. HEPATIC RECYCLING
59
Q

DELAVIRDINE

A
  1. HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES
  2. HEPATIC RECYCLING
60
Q

COMPOUND AMD-3100

A

CXCR4-SPECIFIC INHIBITOR

61
Q

COMPOUND TAK-779

A

CCR5 BINDING

62
Q

INTEGRASE INHIBITORS

A

BLOCKS HIV DNA INTO CD4 CELL DNA

63
Q

SHORT-INTERFERING RNA (SIRNAS)

A

MRNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION

64
Q

NITROGEN MUSTARDS

A
  1. HYDROGEN WITH AN ALKYL GROUP
  2. ADDUCTS -> DNA BREAKAGE
65
Q

ORGANOPLATINUM

A

CROSS-LINKING DNA STRANDS

66
Q

NITROSOUREAS

A

RESTRICTED UNCOILING AND REPLICATION

67
Q

ANTI-METABOLITES

A

PREVENTION OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF NORMAL CELLULAR METABOLITES BY ENZYME INHIBITION

68
Q

ANTI-FOLATES

A

CO-FACTOR SITE INTERACTION

69
Q

METHOTREXATE (MTX)

A
  1. DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (DHFR) INHIBITION
  2. THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE (TS) INHIBITION
70
Q

PEMETREXED (MTA)

A

THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE (TS) INHIBITION

71
Q

TRIMETREXATE (TMTX)

A

DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (DHFR) INHIBITION

72
Q

HYDROXYUREA

A

RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE INHIBITION

73
Q

6-MERCAPTOPURINE (6-MP)

A

DE NOVO PURINE SYNTHESIS INHIBITION

74
Q

THIOGUANINE (6-TG)

A

TRIPHOSPHATE INCORPORATION

75
Q

FLUDARABINE

A
  1. DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
  2. RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE INHIBITION
76
Q

CLADRIBINE

A
  1. INCORPORATION INTO DNA
  2. DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
  3. RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE INHIBITION
77
Q

CLOFARABINE

A

DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION

78
Q

PENTOSTATIN

A
  1. ADENOSINE DEAMINASE INHIBITION – INCREASE DATP
  2. DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION
79
Q

NELARABINE

A

DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION

80
Q

5-FLUOROURACIL (5-FU)

A

THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE (TS) INHIBITION BY DEOXYRIBOSE MONOPHOSPHATE METABOLITE

81
Q

FLOXURIDINE (FUDR)

A

5-FU -> TS INHIBITION -> NO DNA SYNTHESIS

82
Q

CAPECITABINE

A

5-FU (THYMIDINE PHOSPHORYLASE) -> ESTERASE ACTIVITY -> HYDROLYZE THE CARBAMATE MOIETY -> DEAMINATION

83
Q

GEMCITABINE

A

DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION VIA DNA
CHAIN TERMINATION

84
Q

CYTARABINE

A

ARA-CTP -> DNA INCORPORATION -> DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION

85
Q

ACTINOMYCIN D (DACTINOMYCIN)

A

INTERCALATION OF G-C BASES -> DNA FUNCTION INHIBITION

86
Q

ANTHRACYCLINES

A
  1. INTERCALATION OF THE PLANAR RING SYSTEM REINFORCED BY AUXILIARY BINDING OF AMINO SUGAR
  2. TOPOISOMERASE II INHIBITION
87
Q

BLEOMYCIN

A

REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) PRODUCTION -> SINGLE STRAND BREAKAGE

88
Q

MITOMYCIN C

A

BIOREDUCTION

89
Q

EPIPODOPHYLLOTOXINS

A

TOPOISOMERASE II INHIBITION

90
Q

CAMPTOTHECINS

A

TOPOISOMERASE I INHIBITION

91
Q

VINCA ALKALOIDS

A
  1. BETA TUBULIN BINDING -> CELL DEATH
  2. TUBULIN BINDING -> NO MITOTIC SPINDLE -> MICROTUBULE POLYMERIZATION INHIBITION
92
Q

TAXANES

A

BETA TUBULIN BINDING -> CELL DEATH

93
Q

DOCETAXEL

A

ASSEMBLY OF MICROTUBULES

94
Q

PACLITAXEL

A

ASSEMBLY OF MICROTUBULES

95
Q

PROTEIN (TYROSINE) KINASE
INHIBITORS

A

NO ADDITION OF PHOSPHATE GROUP TO PROTEIN

96
Q

ERLOTINIB

A

EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR INHIBITION

97
Q

LAPATINIB

A

HER2/NEU ACTIVITY INHIBITION

98
Q

IMATINIB

A

BCR-ABL KINASE AND C-KIT KINASE INHIBITION

99
Q

SORAFENIB

A

INTRACELLULAR AND CELL SURFACE KINASE (VEGFR) INHIBITION

100
Q

SUNITINIB

A

RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES INHIBITION

101
Q

BICALUTAMIDE

A

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST

102
Q

FLUTAMIDE

A

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST

103
Q

FULVESTRANT

A

ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BINDING

104
Q

LEUPROLIDE ACETATE

A

GONADOTROPIN SECRETION INHIBITION

105
Q

MEGESTROL ACETATE

A

PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR BINDING

106
Q

TAMOXIFEN

A

SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS (SERMS)

107
Q

RALOXIFENE

A

SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS (SERMS)

108
Q

AROMATASE INHIBITORS

A

BLOCKS CONVERSION OF ANDROGEN TO ESTROGEN

109
Q

ALDESLEUKIN

A
  1. T-CELL GROWTH AND REGULATION
  2. PROLIFERATION AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION IN B LYMPHOCYTES
  3. MACROPHAGE ACTIVITY ENHANCEMENT
110
Q

ALEMTUZUMAB

A

B AND T CELL BINDING

111
Q

BEVACIZUMAB

A

VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR BINDING

112
Q

GEMTUZUMAB

A

CD33 BINDING (LEUKEMIC CELLS)

113
Q

IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN, IODINE-131 TOSITUMOMAB

A

CD20 BINDING (LYMPHOID CELLS)

114
Q

RITUXIMAB

A

CD20 BINDING (MALIGNANT B
LYMPHOID CELLS)

115
Q

TRASTUZUMAB

A

HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR 2 PROTEIN AND NEU RECEPTOR BINDING (EXTRACELLULAR)

116
Q

ASPARAGINASE

A

ASPARAGINE REDUCTION

117
Q

DEXRAZOXANE

A

CHELATION

MED ORG CHEM PT. 2 (2 decks)

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