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Pharmacology II - EXAM 2 > Mechanism of Actions > Flashcards

Mechanism of Actions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of Pyridostigmine?

A

Prevents the destruction of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase allowing nerve impulses to travel across the neuromuscular junction

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2
Q

Although the MOA of ________ is mostly unknown it is thought to inhibit gluatamate release and inactivate voltage-gated Na+ channels in ALS patients.

A

Riluzole

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3
Q

What Parkinson’s drug’s MOA is listed below……

Restores synaptic concentrations of dopamine
Activates post-synaptic D2 (and some D1) receptors

A

Levodopa

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4
Q

T/F: Levodopa is not a pro-drug

A

False

It is the immediate precursor to dopamine

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5
Q

What is the MOA of Carbidopa?

A

Inhibits dopa-decarboxylase which metabolizes levodopa to dopamine.

This increases the bioavailability levodopa

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6
Q

Are the Ergot Dopamine Receptor Agonists (Bromocriptine, Cabergoline) selective or non-selective D2 receptor agonists?

A

Selective D2 receptor agonists

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7
Q

Pramipexole has a primary affinity for what dopamine receptor?

A

D3 (but also D2/4)

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8
Q

T/F: Ropinirole is a D2 receptor agonist

A

True

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9
Q

Which dopamine receptors does Amorphine act as an agonist at?

A

D1

D2

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Selegiline and Rasagiline?

A

Selective and irreversible inhibitors of MAO-B (which metabolizes dopamine)

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11
Q

What class of medication’s MOA is described below……

Inhibit Catechol-O-Methyltranferase which typically metabolizes levodopa top 3-OMD in the brain and periphery

A

COMT Inhibitors

Talcapone
Entacapone

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12
Q

What Parkinson’s medication’s MOA is described below…..(hint: its an antivrial)

Potentiates dopaminergic function by modifying synthesis, release, or reuptake of dopamine

A

Amantadine

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13
Q

How do anticholinergics (Trihexyphenidyl, Benzotropine) work in Parkinson’s treatment?

A

They block the excitatory cholinergic system that presents in dopamine deficiency which helps to alleviate motor dysfunction

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14
Q

What is the MOA of Pimavanserin?

A

Selective serotonin inverse agonist

High affinity at 5-HT2a

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15
Q

What ALZ medication’s MOA is listed below…..

Reversible inhibition of cholinesterase to prevent acetylcholinesterase hydrolysis

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine

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16
Q

Which ALZ medication is an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist that works to increase glutamate release in the CNS?

A

Memantine

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17
Q

The MOA of _________ is mostly unknown, but its immunomodulatory and antiviral effects work to bind to a cell’s surface receptors leading to expression of gene products and markers.

This is used in MS treatment

A

Interferon Beta

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18
Q

What is the MOA of Mitoxantrone?

A 
Intercalate in DNA causing crosslinks and strand breaks
Topoisomerase Inhibitor (like fluoroquinolones) 
Inhibits T-cells, B-Cells, and Cytokines
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19
Q

Which MS medication’s MOS is described below….

Binds to leukocytes and inhibits adhesion which prevents movement across the BBB

A

Natalizumab

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20
Q

This MS medication is a Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator which keeps WBCs in the lymph nodes so they do not cross the BBB

A

Fingolimod

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21
Q

Which MS medication is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor which inhibits immune cells decreasing the number of lymphocytes in the CNS?

A

Teriflunomide

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22
Q

Dalfampridine is a _____-channel blocker, which _______ (increases/decreases) conduction through demyelinated axons

A

Potassium-Channel Blocker

Increases Conduction

23
Q

How does Nudexta (Dextromethorphan/Quinidine) work?

A

Dexxtro: NMDA receptor antagonist

Quinidine: CYP2D6 Inhibitor, increases bioavailability of dextromethorphan, allowing it to cross the BBB

24
Q

What class of headache medication’s MOA is listed below…..

Serotonin receptor agonists (5-HT1 receptors)
Mediate vasoconstriction

A

Triptans

25
Q

Are ergotamines selective or non-selective 5HT1 receptor agonists?

Do they act as vasodilators or vasoconstrictors?

A

Non-selective

Vasoconstrictors

26
Q

Which receptors does DHE bind to?

A

5HT
NE
DA

27
Q

Which second line medication for headache treatment is a partial opioid agonist?

A

Butorphanol

28
Q

Which pain medication’s MOA is described below…..

Mostly not well understood, but may block cytokines and prostagland release in the CNS

A

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

29
Q

What medication is a glutathione precursor used to metabolize MAPQI?

A

N-acetylcysteine

30
Q

What class of pain medications inhibit COX 1 and 2 as well as prostaglandin synthase enzymes

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAIDs)

31
Q

T/F: Mistoprostol inhibits gastric acid secretion

A

True

32
Q

Which NSAID is a non-selective COX inhibitor, suicide inhibitor, an antiplatelet, and an analgesic?

A

Aspirin (Acetlysalicylic Acid)

33
Q

Which class of NSAIDs are semi-selective COX 2 inhibitors?

A

Enolic Acids

Meloxicam
Prioxicam

34
Q

Which NSAID is a selective COX 2 inhibitor?

A

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

35
Q

What is the general MOA of opioids?

A

Opioid receptor agonists
Block the release of pain neurotransmitters
Activate pre-synaptic receptors on GABA neurons

36
Q

Opioids primarily act on which receptor?

What are the subtypes of this receptor?

A

Mu (Brainstem, Thalamus)

Mu 1: Analgesia, Euphoria

Mu 2: Respiratory Depression, Prolactin Release, Dependence

37
Q

Other than Mu receptors, what are two additional receptors opioids act on?

A

Kappa (Analgesia, sedation, respiratory distress)

Delta (Effects not well studied)

38
Q

Which opioids are full agonists?

A 
Morphine
Fentanyl
Hydromorphine
Codiene
Oxycodone
Methadone
Heroin
39
Q

Which opioids are partial agonists?

A

Buprenorphine

Butorphanol

40
Q

What two medications are opioid antagonists?

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

Naltrexone

41
Q

Which two receptors does Oxycodone show activity at?

A

Mu

Kappa

42
Q

What receptors does Hydromorphine act on?

A

Mu

Delta

43
Q

Which receptor does fentanyl act on?

A

Mu

44
Q

T/F: Methadone is also a NMDA antagonist and a SNRI

A

True

45
Q

Naloxone is a ____-receptor antagonist used to treat opioid overdose

A

Mu

46
Q

Which pain medication’s MOA is described below……

Syntethic codiene analog which inhibits NE and 5HT uptake

A

Tramadol (Ultram)

47
Q

What is the MOA of Milnicipran?

A

Selective serotonin and norepinephrine uptake inhibitor used to treat fibromyalgia

48
Q

What medication’s MOA is described below…..

Antispasmodic
Potentiates NE
Anticholinergic Activity

A

Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

49
Q

What muscle relaxant is a GABA analog which is believed to inhibit relfexes at the spinal cord?

A

Bacolfen

50
Q

Other than being an analgesic, Orphenadrine (Norflex) is also an anti-_________.

A

Anti-Cholinergic

51
Q

What is the MOA of Glucosamine Sulfate?

A

Stimulate metabolism of chondrocytes in articular cartilage and synovial cells
Disease modifying effects of OA

52
Q

What medication is a N-type Ca2+ channel antagonist which blocks excitatory neurotransmitter release?

A

Ziconotide (Prialt)

53
Q

What medication’s MOA is described below….

TRPV1 Channel Agonist (inhibits TRPV1 Stimulation)
Depletes substance P

A

Capsaicin

Pharmacology II - EXAM 2 (5 decks)

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