Mechanism Of Action Flashcards
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to
30S ribosomal subunit
Aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin, kanamycin)
Glycylglycines (e.g., tigecycline)
Tetracycline (e.g., doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline)
Inhibits RNA synthesis by binding
DNA-dependent, RNA polymerase
Ansamycin (i.e., rifampin)
Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding enzymes involved in peptidoglycan
(PG) production (i.e., penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs])
Beta-lactams (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefotetan, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftaroline, aztreonam, imipenem)
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to
50S ribosomal subunit
Chloramphenicol
Ketolides (e.g., telithromycin)
Macrolide-lincosamide group (macro-lides: e.g., erythromycin, azithromy-cin, clarithromycin; lincosamide: clindamvcin)
Oxazolidinones (e.g., linezolid and tedizolid)
Interfere with folic acid pathway;
S3 binds dihydropteroate synthase;
T binds dihydrofolate reductase
Folate pathway inhibitors (e.g.,
sulfonamides [S3], trimethoprim (TI)
Inhibit DNA synthesis by binding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin)
Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to end of PG, interfering with crosslinking
Glycopeptides (e.g., vancomycin) and lipoglycopeptides (e.g., dalbavancin, oritavancin, teicoplanin)
Binding and disruption of cell membrane
Lipopeptides (e.g., daptomycin)
Exact mechanism uncertain; probable bacterial enzyme targets and direct
DNA damage
Nitrofurans (e.g., nitrofurantoin)
Disruption of cell membrane
Polymyxins (e.g., polymyxin B and
colistin)
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 2 sites on 50S ribosomal subunit
Streptogramins (e.g., quinupristin/
dalfopristin)
