Mechanics: Unit 2 Skeletal tissue (online) Flashcards
What is bone composed of?
osteocytes
non-cellular component: collagen and ground substance
inorganic component: calcium phosphate crystals
Describe collagen fibres
strong and flexible but don’t allow stretching
Describe ground substance
jelly-like cement
weak
What gives bone its hardness and rigidity?
inorganic component
What makes up
a) 25-30%
b) 65-70%
of bone’s dry weight?
a) collagen
b) inorganic component
Name the 2 types of bone
compact
cancellous
Give another name for
a) compact bone
b) cancellous bone
a) cortical
b) spongy
What does compact bone form?
outer layer of bone as it is a dense structure
What does cancellous bone form?
inner part of short, flat and irregular bones
liner inner part of long bones + metaphyses + epiphyses
What is the basic structural unit of
a) compact bone?
b) cancellous bone?
a) haversion system
b) trabecula
Describe cancellous bone
mesh-like
spaces have red bone marrow
How is a haversion system formed?
laminae form cylinders around haversion canal
Where are osteocytes found?
in lacunae ( the spaces between laminae)
What does a haversion canal contain?
blood vessels and nerve fibres
Which structure links lacunae to the canal?
canaliculi
What connects lamellae?
collagen fibres
What structures
a) do
b) don’t
trabeculae have?
a) lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi
b) canals
Which type of bone tissue contains haversian canals and why are they needed?
cortical bone
contain blood vessels which are needed to supply the bone tissue with nutrients
What is a tensile load? + example
a load that acts to stretch a material like in a rope
eg radius and ulna when lifting an object
What is a compressive load? + example
a load that acts to compress a material
eg vertebrae carrying upper body weight
What is stress?
a measure of the concentration of a load
How do we calculate stress?
force/area
What are the units for stress?
n/m2
What is strain?
a measure of the amount of deformation a material has undergone.