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MCAT-PHYSICS > Mechanics III > Flashcards

Mechanics III Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the unit for work, W?

A

N*m=J

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2
Q

what component of force does work?

A

the component of force that acts in the same direction of displacement d

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3
Q

is work a vector or scalar?

A

it is a scalar value

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4
Q

what can the sign of work be or indicate?

A

positive work: work done by environment on object causing gain in kinetic energy, zero work: force acts perpendicular, negative work: work done by object on environment causing loss of kinetic energy

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5
Q

power

A

measures how fast work gets done

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6
Q

what is the unit for power?

A

J/s=W (watt)

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7
Q

energy

A

the ability to do work

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8
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy of an object due to motion

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9
Q

is energy a vector or scalar?

A

energy is a scalar value

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10
Q

work-energy theorem

A

total work done on the object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy

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11
Q

potential energy

A

energy an object has by virtue of its position

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12
Q

change in gravitational potential energy is the opposite:

A

of the work done by the gravitational energy

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13
Q

what does a positive change in potential energy mean?

A

increased height of object

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14
Q

what does a negative change in potential energy mean?

A

decreased height of object

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15
Q

is potential energy absolute?

A

no, it is a relative quantity. it is the changes in potential energy that are important and physically meaningful

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16
Q

conservative force

A

independent of the path an object follows

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17
Q

what is an example of a conservative force?

A

gravity

18
Q

nonconservative force

A

does depend on the path taken

19
Q

what is an example of a nonconservative force?

A

friction

20
Q

potential energy can only be defined for:

A

conservative forces

21
Q

total mechanic energy, E

A

the sum of the object’s kinetic and potential energy

22
Q

Conservation of Total Mechanical Energy

A

If the only forces acting on an object during its motion are conservative (no friction), then the object’s mechanical energy will remain the same throughout the motion

23
Q

what happens if friction acts during an object’s motion?

A

the total mechanical energy is not conserved

24
Q

mechanical advantage

A

quantity that describes how much less force is required when using that particular simple machine

25
Q

how to calculate mechanical advantage (MA)?

A

resistance force/effort force=F without machine/F with machine=F out/F in

26
Q

resistance force

A

the force that would be applied if no machine were being used

27
Q

effort force

A

the force applied with the use of the machine

28
Q

efficiency

A

measures the degree to which friction and other factors reduce the actual work output of the machine from its theoretical maximum

29
Q

how to calculate percentage efficiency

A

W output/Energy input

30
Q

how does an efficiency of less than 100% affect mechanical advantage?

A

the mechanical advantage will decrease

31
Q

momentum, p

A

the product of mass and velocity, a vector

32
Q

impulse

A

the change in moment, force applied for an interval of time

33
Q

Law of Conservation of Momentum

A

in a system of interacting objects with no NET external force, then to total momentum of the system will remain constant and be conserved

34
Q

p=mv and the Law of Conservation of Momentum is also known as:

A

linear momentum or the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum

35
Q

elastic collision

A

total momentum AND total kinetic energy are conserved

36
Q

inelastic collision

A

total momentum is conserved but total kinetic energy is not

37
Q

perfectly inelastic collision

A

an inelastic collision in which the objects stick together afterwards

38
Q

angular momentum, L

A

must be defined relative to some reference point, =lmv, Iw (moment of inertia times angular velocity)

39
Q

what is required for a greater desired change in momentum?

A

either a stronger applied force or a longer time interval in which the force is applied

40
Q

force is also the rate of change of:

A

linear momentum p

41
Q

torque is also the rate of change of:

A

angular momentum L

MCAT-PHYSICS (6 decks)

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