Mechanics Definitions Flashcards

0
Q

*Displacement

A

Distance moved in a stated direction (m)

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1
Q

*Scalar

A

A quantity with magnitude (size) but not direction

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2
Q

*Acceleration

A

Rate of change of velocity (ms^-2)

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3
Q

*Vector

A

A quantity with both magnitude (size) and direction

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4
Q

*Velocity

A

Displacement per unit time (vector) (ms-1)

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5
Q

*One Newton (N)

A

The force that causes a mass of 1kg to have an acceleration of 1ms-2

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6
Q

*speed

A

Distance per unit time (scalar) (ms-1)

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7
Q

*instantaneous speed

A

The speed at a given instant of time. The gradient of displacement-time graph at that instant. (ms-1)

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8
Q

*couple

A

A pair of equal and parallel but opposite forces, which tends to produce rotation only

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9
Q

*moment of a force

A

The force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from a stated point (usually the pivot) Nm

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10
Q

*One joule (J)

A

the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one metre in the direction of the force

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11
Q

*gravitational potential energy (J)

A

The energy stored in an object by virtue of its position in a gravitational field (and the work that object can do)

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12
Q

Density

A

Mass per unit volume (kgm-3)

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13
Q

Energy

A

The stored ability to do work

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14
Q

kinetic energy (J)

A

The work an object can do by virtue of its speed

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15
Q

Pressure

A

Force per unit area (Nm-2 or Pa)

16
Q

Conservation of energy

A

energy may be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed

17
Q

Power (W)

A

The rate of doing work

18
Q

One watt (W)

A

One joule per second

19
Q

Terminal velocity

A

When the net forces on a falling object are zero I.e. The drag equals the weight

20
Q

Hooke’s law

A

The extension of an elastic body is proportional to the force that causes it

21
Q

Equilibrium

A

When the net force and the net moment on an object are zero

22
Q

Stopping distance

A

The sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance

23
Q

Elastic deformation

A

Produces a straight line on a tension-extension graph, up to the elastic limit

24
Principle of moments
When the sum of the clockwise moments equals the sum of the anticlockwise moments
25
Young's modulus
The ratio between the stress and strain for a material
26
Plastic deformation
Produces a curved line on a tension-extension graph, after the elastic limit
27
Work done
Force x distance, where distance is in the direction of the force