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Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

A quantity with only magnitude

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2
Q

Name 3 Scalar Quantities

A

Speed, magnitude and distance

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3
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity with magnitude and direction

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4
Q

Name 6 Vector Quantities

A

Acceleration, Displacement, Velocity, Force and Weight

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5
Q

What are the SUVAT Equations

A

v = u +at, s = (v -u)t / 2, v^2 = u^2 + 2as, s = ut + 1/2at^2

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6
Q

What does the gradient mean on a displacement - time?

A

Velocity of an object

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7
Q

What does it mean when a displacement graph curves?

A

The object is uniformly accelerating

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8
Q

How do you find instantaneous velocity on a displacement - time graph?

A

Draw a tangent to the point of interest and find the gradient

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9
Q

What happens when the line is horizontal on a displacement - time graph?

A

The object is stationary

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10
Q

How do you find average velocity?

A

Average velocity = Total Displacement / Total Time

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11
Q

What does the gradient of a velocity time graph show?

A

The object is accelerating

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12
Q

What does area under the graph on a velocity - time graph mean?

A

The displacement of the object

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13
Q

What does it mean if the graph is curved on a velocity - time graph?

A

The graph has increasing or decreasing acceleration

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14
Q

What does it mean if the line is horizontal on a velocity - time graph?

A

Stationary or at a constant velocity

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15
Q

What does area under graph mean on a velocity - time graph?

A

Displacement of object

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16
Q

What does it mean if line is positive on an acceleration - time graph?

A

The object is accelerating

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17
Q

What does it mean if line is negative on an acceleration - time graph?

A

The object is decelerating

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18
Q

How do you calculate the horizontal velocity?

A

Cos(Angle)

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19
Q

How do you calculate the vertical velocity?

A

Sin(Angle)

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20
Q

Projectiles Key Facts

A

Horizontal velocity is a constant and acceleration is 0, and vertical velocity changes due to acceleration -9.81, apex vertical velocity is 0 and time to go up equals time to go down.

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21
Q

Distance Equation

A

Distance = Speed x Time

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22
Q

Displacement Equation

A

Displacement = Velocity x Time

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23
Q

Acceleration Equation

A

Acceleration = Change in Velocity/ Change in Time

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24
Q

Weight Equation

A

Weight = Mass x GFS

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25
What is terminal velocity?
An object travelling through a medium will reach maximum speed when air resistance equals the driving force.
26
How do you increase drag on an object?
Increase speed, increase air resistance, increase surface area and make it less stream line
27
What is momentum?
Momentum is the product of an objects mass and velocity.
28
Momentum equation
Momentum = Mass x Velocity
29
What is momentum measured in?
Momentum is a vector quantity measured in Ns
30
What is the law of conservation of momentum?
The sum of momentum before the collision is equal to the sum of momentum after the collision in a closed system in any direction.
31
Momentum Formula when objects collide and separate
MaUa + MbUb = MaVa + MbVb
32
Momentum formula when objects collide and stay together
MaUa + MbUb = V(Ma + Mb)
33
What happens in elastic collision?
Total energy and total kinetic energy is conserved.
34
What happens in inelastic collision?
Total energy is conserved and total kinetic energy is not conserved.
35
What is impulse?
The impulse of a force is equal to the change in momentum of a mass when subjected to a resultant force.
36
Impulse equation
Resultant Force = Change in momentum / Time Interval
37
What is a resultant force?
The sum of all the forces acting on an object when the sum is not zero
38
What is friction?
The resistance to motion due to contact forces
39
What is drag?
A frictional force caused by collisions between the travelling object and particles in a medium e.g. air resistance
40
What factors affect drag?
Surface area , speed and shape
41
What is Newtons 1st Law?
An object will stay stationary or at a constant velocity if there is no resultant force applied
42
What is Newton’s 2nd Law?
When a resultant force acts on a body the rate of change of the bodies momentum is equal to that force (F = m x a)
43
What is Newtons 3rd Law?
When body A exerts a force on body B, body B exerts an equal in magnitude but opposite in direction force ( of the same type) on body A.
44
What is a moment?
The moment of a force is its turning effect about a fixed point/pivot
45
What is the moments equation and measurements?
Moment (Nm) = Force (N) x Perpendicular distance from force to pivot (m)
46
What are the units for a moment?
Newton metres (Nm)
47
What is the principle of moments?
Total moments acting clockwise equal the total moments acting anticlockwise when in equilibrium
48
What is a couple?
A couple is a pair of equal and opposite forces
49
What is the moment of a couple called?
A torque
50
The equation to calculate a torque?
Torque (Nm) = Force (N) x Perpendicular distance between couple (m)
51
What is the centre of mass of an object?
The point through which an objects weight appears to act (average position of mass)
52
How would you increase an objects stability?
You would lower the centre of gravity and widen the base
53
What is work done?
Work is done when a resultant force acts on an object causing the object to move a certain distance in the direction of the force.
54
What is the work done equation?
Work Done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
55
What is work done measured in ?
Work done is measured in Joules (kgm^2s^-2) and is a scalar quantity
56
What is energy?
Energy is the ability of an object to do work
57
What is the principle conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred between stores
58
What is the kinetic energy equation?
1/2 x mass x velocity^2
59
What is the gravitational potential energy equation?
mass x gravitational potential x change in height
60
What is the elastic potential energy equation?
1/2 x spring constant x extension^2 or 1/2 x force x extension
61
What is power?
Power is the rate of energy transfer
62
What is the power equation?
Power (W) = Energy transfer or Work done (J) / Time (s)
63
What is the efficiency equation?
Efficiency = Useful Output / Total Input

Physics (6 decks)

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