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Mechanics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

A quantity with only magnitude

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2
Q

Name 3 Scalar Quantities

A

Speed, magnitude and distance

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3
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity with magnitude and direction

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4
Q

Name 6 Vector Quantities

A

Acceleration, Displacement, Velocity, Force and Weight

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5
Q

What are the SUVAT Equations

A

v = u +at, s = (v -u)t / 2, v^2 = u^2 + 2as, s = ut + 1/2at^2

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6
Q

What does the gradient mean on a displacement - time?

A

Velocity of an object

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7
Q

What does it mean when a displacement graph curves?

A

The object is uniformly accelerating

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8
Q

How do you find instantaneous velocity on a displacement - time graph?

A

Draw a tangent to the point of interest and find the gradient

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9
Q

What happens when the line is horizontal on a displacement - time graph?

A

The object is stationary

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10
Q

How do you find average velocity?

A

Average velocity = Total Displacement / Total Time

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11
Q

What does the gradient of a velocity time graph show?

A

The object is accelerating

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12
Q

What does area under the graph on a velocity - time graph mean?

A

The displacement of the object

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13
Q

What does it mean if the graph is curved on a velocity - time graph?

A

The graph has increasing or decreasing acceleration

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14
Q

What does it mean if the line is horizontal on a velocity - time graph?

A

Stationary or at a constant velocity

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15
Q

What does area under graph mean on a velocity - time graph?

A

Displacement of object

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16
Q

What does it mean if line is positive on an acceleration - time graph?

A

The object is accelerating

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17
Q

What does it mean if line is negative on an acceleration - time graph?

A

The object is decelerating

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18
Q

How do you calculate the horizontal velocity?

A

Cos(Angle)

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19
Q

How do you calculate the vertical velocity?

A

Sin(Angle)

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20
Q

Projectiles Key Facts

A

Horizontal velocity is a constant and acceleration is 0, and vertical velocity changes due to acceleration -9.81, apex vertical velocity is 0 and time to go up equals time to go down.

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21
Q

Distance Equation

A

Distance = Speed x Time

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22
Q

Displacement Equation

A

Displacement = Velocity x Time

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23
Q

Acceleration Equation

A

Acceleration = Change in Velocity/ Change in Time

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24
Q

Weight Equation

A

Weight = Mass x GFS

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25
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

An object travelling through a medium will reach maximum speed when air resistance equals the driving force.

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26
Q

How do you increase drag on an object?

A

Increase speed, increase air resistance, increase surface area and make it less stream line

27
Q

What is momentum?

A

Momentum is the product of an objects mass and velocity.

28
Q

Momentum equation

A

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

29
Q

What is momentum measured in?

A

Momentum is a vector quantity measured in Ns

30
Q

What is the law of conservation of momentum?

A

The sum of momentum before the collision is equal to the sum of momentum after the collision in a closed system in any direction.

31
Q

Momentum Formula when objects collide and separate

A

MaUa + MbUb = MaVa + MbVb

32
Q

Momentum formula when objects collide and stay together

A

MaUa + MbUb = V(Ma + Mb)

33
Q

What happens in elastic collision?

A

Total energy and total kinetic energy is conserved.

34
Q

What happens in inelastic collision?

A

Total energy is conserved and total kinetic energy is not conserved.

35
Q

What is impulse?

A

The impulse of a force is equal to the change in momentum of a mass when subjected to a resultant force.

36
Q

Impulse equation

A

Resultant Force = Change in momentum / Time Interval

37
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

The sum of all the forces acting on an object when the sum is not zero

38
Q

What is friction?

A

The resistance to motion due to contact forces

39
Q

What is drag?

A

A frictional force caused by collisions between the travelling object and particles in a medium e.g. air resistance

40
Q

What factors affect drag?

A

Surface area , speed and shape

41
Q

What is Newtons 1st Law?

A

An object will stay stationary or at a constant velocity if there is no resultant force applied

42
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd Law?

A

When a resultant force acts on a body the rate of change of the bodies momentum is equal to that force (F = m x a)

43
Q

What is Newtons 3rd Law?

A

When body A exerts a force on body B, body B exerts an equal in magnitude but opposite in direction force ( of the same type) on body A.

44
Q

What is a moment?

A

The moment of a force is its turning effect about a fixed point/pivot

45
Q

What is the moments equation and measurements?

A

Moment (Nm) = Force (N) x Perpendicular distance from force to pivot (m)

46
Q

What are the units for a moment?

A

Newton metres (Nm)

47
Q

What is the principle of moments?

A

Total moments acting clockwise equal the total moments acting anticlockwise when in equilibrium

48
Q

What is a couple?

A

A couple is a pair of equal and opposite forces

49
Q

What is the moment of a couple called?

A

A torque

50
Q

The equation to calculate a torque?

A

Torque (Nm) = Force (N) x Perpendicular distance between couple (m)

51
Q

What is the centre of mass of an object?

A

The point through which an objects weight appears to act (average position of mass)

52
Q

How would you increase an objects stability?

A

You would lower the centre of gravity and widen the base

53
Q

What is work done?

A

Work is done when a resultant force acts on an object causing the object to move a certain distance in the direction of the force.

54
Q

What is the work done equation?

A

Work Done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)

55
Q

What is work done measured in ?

A

Work done is measured in Joules (kgm^2s^-2) and is a scalar quantity

56
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is the ability of an object to do work

57
Q

What is the principle conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred between stores

58
Q

What is the kinetic energy equation?

A

1/2 x mass x velocity^2

59
Q

What is the gravitational potential energy equation?

A

mass x gravitational potential x change in height

60
Q

What is the elastic potential energy equation?

A

1/2 x spring constant x extension^2 or 1/2 x force x extension

61
Q

What is power?

A

Power is the rate of energy transfer

62
Q

What is the power equation?

A

Power (W) = Energy transfer or Work done (J) / Time (s)

63
Q

What is the efficiency equation?

A

Efficiency = Useful Output / Total Input

Physics (6 decks)

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