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Physics > Materials > Flashcards

Materials Flashcards

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1
Q

Density Definition

A

Mass per unit volume

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2
Q

Density Equation and Measurements

A

Density = Mass / Volume ( Measured in kgm^-3 )

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3
Q

Fluid Pressure Definition

A

Measurement of the force per unit area that acts on an object in the fluid

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4
Q

Fluid Pressure Equation and Measurement

A

Pressure at Base = Weight of Column (Mass x Volume x GFS) / Area ( Measured in Pascals )

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5
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

When flow lines are parallel in adjacent layers of fluid and have a constant velocity so no energy dissipates.

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6
Q

What is turbulent flow?

A

When layers of fluid cross into each other and velocity is different throughout creating eddy currents and vortices which dissipate energy.

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7
Q

What is Archimedes Principle?

A

A body totally or partially immersed in fluid is subject to an upwards force in magnitude to weight of good it displaces.

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8
Q

Upthrust Definition and Equation

A

Weight of displaced fluid (Volume x Density of Fluid x GFS) measured in pascals

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9
Q

Weight Definition and Equation

A

Force on object under gravity (Volume x Density of Solid x GFS) measured in pascals.

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10
Q

Force ( Drag ) Definition and Equation

A

Force opposite to weight on object ( 6 x pi x Viscosity x Radius x Velocity )

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11
Q

What happens under terminal velocity?

A

Under terminal velocity all forces are at equilibrium this means that Weight = Upthrust + Force

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12
Q

Viscosity Definition and Measurements

A

Viscosity is the resistance between adjacent layers in laminar flow measured in Nsm^-2

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13
Q

Stokes Law and Equation

A

For a sphere moving through a fluid the viscous drag acting on it is given by the equation Force = 6 x pi x Viscosity x Radius x Velocity provided that the movement of the fluid on the sphere is laminar ( measured in pascals ).

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14
Q

Hardness Definition

A

Resistant to scratching or abrasion

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15
Q

Stiffness Definition

A

Resistant to extension

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16
Q

Malleable Definition

A

Under compression, can be beaten into a sheet but may loose strength

17
Q

Ductile Definition

A

Under tension or extension, can be drawn into a wire but doesn’t loose strength

18
Q

Strength Definition

A

Can withstand high stresses before failure

19
Q

Brittle Definition

A

Fails or breaks before plastic definition

20
Q

Toughness Definition

A

Difficult to break, absorbs energy and is resistant to dents and deformation

21
Q

Elastic Deformation Definition

A

Returns to it’s original dimensions after the force is removed

22
Q

Plastic Deformation Definition

A

Does not return to its original dimensions once the force is removed, the object is permanently deformed (occurs after elastic limit)

23
Q

Hooked Law Definition and Equation

A

Force needed to extend a spring is proportional to extension of spring until it reaches the limit proportionality using equation Force = Spring Constant x Extension

24
Q

What is Spring Constant measured in?

A

Newton metre (Nm^-1)

25
Q

Elastic Potential Energy Definition

A

The ability of a deformed material to do work as it regains its original dimensions.

26
Q

How do you calculate elastic potential energy / work done?

A

Using equation Elastic Potential Energy = 1/2 x Spring Constant x Extension^2
Or the area under the graph

27
Q

Stress Definition and Equation

A

Stress is the force per unit area of a material ( Stress = Force / Area )

28
Q

Strain Definition and Equation

A

Strain is the extension per unit length ( Strain = Extension / Original Length )

29
Q

Youngs Modulus Definition

A

Young’s Modulus is a property of materials that undergo tensile strength or compressive stress

30
Q

How do you calculate Youngs Modulus?

A

Youngs Modulus = Stress / Strain or the gradient of the straight section of the graph measured in Pascals.

31
Q

Elastic Limit

A

The point beyond which an object no longer returns to its original dimensions once the force is removed.

32
Q

Ultimate Tensile Strength

A

Maximum stress before failure

33
Q

Limit of Proportionality

A

Max stress before Hooke’s Law stops applying.

Physics (6 decks)

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