mechanical systems Flashcards
Lever
A simple machine that changes the amount of force you need to put on an object to move it.
Incline Plane
A ramp or a slope that reduces the amount of force you put on an object to lift it.
Wheel and Axle
Two turning objects are attached together which makes one cause the other to turn.
Gear
A wheel like object with teeth around its rim.
Pulley
A grooved wheel with a rope or a chain running along its groove. Changes the directions of force or the motion.
Screw
Converts rotational motion to linear motion.
Class 1 lever
The fulcrum is between the effort and the load.
Example: Scissors.
Class 2 lever
Always exerts a greater force on a load then the effort force you exert on a lever. The load is between the effort and the fulcrum.
Example: WheelBarrow
Class 3 lever
The effort is exerted between the fulcrum and the load. You exert a greater force on the lever then the lever exits on the load.
Example: Hockey stick
difference between mass and weight
mass is the amount of matter in a material. weight is a measure of how the force of gravity acts upon that mass.
Work
When you exert a force on an object some distance in the direction of the force.
Effort Force
The force you exert to make the lever move.
Load
The mass of the object that is moved or lifted by a machine.
Effort Arm
The distance between the effort force and the fulcrum.
Load arm
The distance between the load force and the fulcrum.
Mechanical Advantage
the comparison of the force produced by a machine to the force applied on a machine.
Speed
The rate of motion or the rate an object changes position.
Kinetic energy
Energy in motion.
Potential energy
Stored energy.
Efficiency
Tells you how much energy you gave to the machine was transferred to the load by the machine.
Internal combustion
Intake Stroke - piston moves down the cylinder and draws in the fuel-air mixture (fine droplets of gasoline mixed with air).
Compression Stroke - piston moves up. The fuel-air mixture is compressed into a smaller space.
Power Stroke - when the piston is almost at the top, a spark from the spark plug ignites the mixture. Hot gases expand,forcing the piston down. Energy is transferred from the piston to the wheels of the automobile
Exhaust Stroke - piston moves up again, compressing and pushing out the waste products left from burning fuel-air mixture
