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SIFT Exam > Mechanical, Physics & Science > Flashcards

Mechanical, Physics & Science Flashcards

1
Q

What are Newton’s three laws of motion?

A
  1. Inertia
  2. Acceleration
  3. Action/Reaction
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2
Q

What is the Bernoulli Principle?

A

Bernoulli’s Principle states that faster moving air has low air pressure and slower moving air has high air pressure. The difference in air pressure cause lift.

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3
Q

How does the Bernoulli Principle correlate with the Airspeed Indicator (ASI)?

A

It’s used to calibrate the airspeed indicator (ASI) so that it displays the indicated airspeed appropriate to the dynamic pressure.

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4
Q

Who is Daniel Bernoulli?

A

A Swiss mathematician and physicist

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5
Q

What is Newton’s 1st law of motion (Inertia)?

A

An object at rest tends to remain at rest. An object in motion tends to remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

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6
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd law of motion (Acceleration)?

A

Force applied to overcome inertia of an object. The greater the mass of the object the greater force required to produce a particular acceleration.

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7
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law of motion (Action/Reaction)?

A

For every action there is an equal or opposite reaction.

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8
Q

What are four forces that act upon an aircraft in flight?

A
  • Lift
  • Gravity (aka weight)
  • Thrust
  • Drag
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9
Q

Our atmosphere is composed of what?

A

78 percent Nitrogen; 21 percent Oxygen; 1 percent other gas elements (i.e. argon, helium)

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10
Q

What is the weight of the atmosphere at sea level?

A

14.7 pounds

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11
Q

Which air is denser? Warm or cold?

A

Warmer air is less dense that cooler air; produces less lift.

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12
Q

How is Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion calculated?

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration

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13
Q

What is centripetal force?

A

Center seeking force

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14
Q

What is centrifuged force?

A

Acts opposite to centripetal force and helps maintain tension

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15
Q

What is gravity?

A

Pull of the earth on all bodies on earth

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16
Q

What is the mass of the earth?

A

6 x 10^24 kg

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17
Q

What is the force or pull of earth?

A

9.8 N

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18
Q

How is weight calculated?

A

Weight = Mass x acceleration due to gravity

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19
Q

What unit of measure for mass and weight?

A 
Mass = Kilograms
Weight = Newton
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20
Q

What is Center of Gravity?

A

Point of a body through which the weight of the body acts

21
Q

What is torque?

A

Product of force and moment arm. Causes rotation of a body about a point called the pivot or fulcrum.

22
Q

What is torque calculated?

A

Torque = Force x perpendicular distance from the pivot

23
Q

Without friction what happens?

A

A body moving with uniform velocity will continue moving with the same velocity until stopped by an external force.

24
Q

What are the two types of friction?

A

Static & Kinetic

25
Q

What is static friction?

A

Friction applied by a body at rest in friction to a force attempting to move it.

26
Q

What is kinetic friction?

A

Once a body is set in motion and no longer experiences static friction.

27
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can neither be created, nor be destroyed, but it can only change from one form to another.

28
Q

One joule is equal to what?

A

1 Nm

29
Q

How is Potential Energy calculated?

A

Potential Energy = mass x acceleration due to gravity x height = mgh

30
Q

How is kinetic energy calculated?

A

Kinetic Energy = 1/2 x mass x (velocity of the body)^2 = 1/2mv^2

31
Q

How is work done calculated?

A

Work done = Force x displacement

32
Q

How is Power as it relates to rate of work done calculated?

A

Power = work done / time taken

33
Q

What unit of measure does power use?

A

Watt (w); equal to Joule/s. Other units of power are: Horsepower and foot-pound per second (ftlb/s)

34
Q

What does 1 horsepower equal?

A

550 ftlb/s (or) 746J/s = 746 W

35
Q

If no work is done, what is the power?

A

0

36
Q

How is mechanical advantage calculated?

A

Mechanical advantage = output force / input force

37
Q

What are three mechanical bodies?

A
  • Input arm
  • Fulcrum/pivot
  • Output arm
38
Q

What is a first class lever?

A

Have a pivot in the center and the input/output arms on either side

39
Q

What is a second class lever?

A

Have the output force, or load, between the fulcrum and the input force

40
Q

What is a third class lever?

A

Have the input force acting between the fulcrum and the output load

41
Q

How is the mechanical advantage of Wedges calculated?

A

Length of Wedge / Thickness across the Wedge

42
Q

How is the mechanical advantage of Pulleys calculated?

A

Input force / Output force

43
Q

How is the mechanical advantage of Wheels and Axles calculated?

A

Radius of Wheel / Radius of Axle

44
Q

How is the mechanical advantage of Gears calculated?

A

Radius of Output Wheel / Radius of Input Wheel

45
Q

What happens when a gear arrangement has a mechanical advantage of 2?

A

The output gear has a radius double the input wheel, and it rotates once for every two rotations of the input wheel.

46
Q

What is the unit of measure for pressure?

A

Pascals (Pa), pounds per square inch (psi), Newton per square meter (N/m^2), or inches of Mercury (inHg).

47
Q

How is the mechanical advantage of Hydraulic Pressure Transmission calculated?

A

Area of the output piston / Area of the input piston

48
Q

What does a piston mechanical advantage of 2 mean?

A

The area of the output piston is double the area of the input piston, but moves 1/2 the distance of the input piston.

SIFT Exam (3 decks)

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