Mechanical Injuries

Question 1

Heaping of epithelium is found in ___________ and it is also known as ______ ______ ______ _______

Answer 1

Graze abrasion

Gravel rush (RTA) ; brush burn ; sliding abrasion ; friction burn

Question 2

Aging of abrasion

Answer 2

R²RBB²

Raw :- <12 hours
Reddish scab :- >12 hours
Reddish brown scab :- 2-3 days
Brown scab :- 4-5 days
Black scab :- 6-7 days

Question 3

Differential diagnosis of abrasion

Answer 3

Ant bite mark
Skin excoriations
Decubitus ulcers
Post mortem abrasion

Question 4

Types of bruises

Answer 4

Intradermal (superficial)
Subcutaneous (subepidermal)
Deep ( comeout ) ( delayed)
Patterned
ectopic bruise (migratory) (percolated)
Artifical bruise

Question 5

Aging of bruise

Answer 5

1. Aretrial bleed: -
   Red - At first - oxy heamoglobin
   Blackish to brown - 4th day - Hemosiderin
   yellow - 7 th to 12th day - bilirubin.
2. venous bleed: -
   Blue-few hour’s to 3 day’s
   Greenish. 5 to 6 days - hematoidin/biliverdin
   normal-2 week’s.

Bruise with no typical colour change
1 . Sub conjunctival hemorrhage ( red –> yellow —>normal ) exposure to atmospheric O2
2 . Sub-dural hematoma

Question 6

Battered baby syndrome

Answer 6

Six Penny bruise’s
Multi coloured bruises

Question 7

Artifical bruise

Answer 7

Bhilawa ( semi carpus anacardium)
Calotropis
Plumbago

Question 8

Shallow tailing

Answer 8

Tear at one angle of laceration gives raise to shallow tail appearance

( Fish tailling is seen single edged stab wound injury )

Question 9

Common sites of defence injuries

Answer 9

1 . Active
1 st web space
Palm and fingers
2 . Passive
Ulnar margin of forearm