Mechanical and Anatomic Pathologies Flashcards
How do you name scoliosis?
Towards the convexity
Dextroscoliosis
Sidebent to the left
Levoscoliosis
Sidebent to the right
Scoliosis based on Cobb angles
< 25: conservative management
25-45: Non-operative bracing
>45: surgical correction
Complications of scoliosis
> 50: respiratory compromise
>75: cardiac compromise
Radiculopathy symptoms
- mechanical pain with radiation below the knee
- pain with dermatomal distribution
- LE weakness / diminished reflexes
- typically acute, can become chronic
Work up for radiculopathy
MRI
+ straight leg test
What does a positive straight leg raise test indicate?
Pain from 15 to 30 degrees = lumbar disc etiology
Spinal stenosis symptoms
- bilateral LE pain
- neurogenic claudication
- (+/-) LE weakness or diminished reflexes
- Typically chronic
Workup for spinal stenosis
- MRI
- + straight leg raise
Cauda equina symptoms
- Saddle anesthesia
- LE weakness
- urinary retention
Cauda equina workup
MRI!
Spina bifida occulta
failure of the neural tube to close without herniation
meningocele
Failure of the neural tube to close with protrusions of the meninges
meningomyelocele
Failure of the neural tube to close with protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord
