Meat science Test 1 Flashcards

Question

Skeletal muscle is primary used for

Answer 1

Not efficient for travel Not efficient for safety Consumer had to buy the entire carcass and not the section they needed

Answer 2

Consumers can buy what they needed Ship the meat longer distances Vacuum packed - last longer Efficient for travel and saftey More meat can be shipped at a time

Answer 3

fastest growing meat sector

Answer 4

Mandatory Plants do not pay except for overtime and holiday needs - tax money Safety FSIS - Food safety and inspection service

Answer 5

Voluntary Plants pay for service Marketing AMS - agricultural Marketing Service

Answer 6

Embalmed Beef scandel Sent troops to war Soliders got sick off the embalmed meat Roosevelt started an investigation Government works slow Upton Sinclair's published "The Jungle" Helped move the government

Answer 7

Federal law Meat inspectors must identify meat as healthy, sound, wholesome, and property labeled

Answer 8

Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure

Answer 9

Hazard Anaylsis and Critical Control Point

Answer 10

Before death

Answer 11

After death

Answer 12

Identify meat as Healthy - no disease (animal has to walk into the plant by itself) Sound - clean and sanitary Wholesome - not aldulterated (Nothing added to it before death or after (Ex. Drugs, metal or pathogens)) Property labeled - it is what it says it is

Answer 13

Federal government State government

Answer 14

if meat is to be sold interstate or foreign commerce

Answer 15

if meat is to be sold only interstate commerce

Answer 16

-Examination of animals prior to slaughter -Use of humane methods -Detection and destruction of diesease and/or contaiminated meat -Assurance of clean and sanitary handling and preparation -Minimization of microbiological contaimination of meat -Prevention of adulteration and the presence of chemical or drug residues -Prevention of false labeling -Application of the inspection stamp

Answer 17

Professional, Medical, or Veterinary - trained DVMs Non-professional or Lay-persons - on-line inspectors Laboratory Personnel - laboratory analysis

Answer 18

Gets further inspection on the kill floor

Answer 19

Must be tanked - euth or released for treatment - not very frequently

Answer 20

Good for consumption as a raw product

Answer 21

Whole carcass or parts are tanked

Answer 22

railed off for more inspection

Answer 23

Re-inspect and if applicable must be cooked prior to shipment Pet food mostly

Answer 24

any product at any time can be re-inspected Saftey net for strange occurances

Answer 25

Carcass - round shape, number is plant code, is applied with edible, purple dye Boxes or Packages - round shape, number is plant code

Answer 26

Poultry has a P in front of the plant code

Answer 27

Called "Equal to" Law Required states to have inspection programs that are "equal to" that of the federal government 27 states currently using the State Inspection Services

Answer 28

Talmadge-Aiken agreement - ferderal inspection by state inspectors Curtis amendement - custom slaughters-cutters process of farm animals and game animals for hunters Farmers exemption - when meat is used by the farmer for his own, family or nonpaying guest use

Answer 29

Inspection Prevention

Answer 30

Biological - pathogenic (most noteworthy) Physical - Metal, glass, insects, hair, etc. Chemical - cleaning solutes, paint, etc.

Answer 31

Conduct a hazard analysis Determine the critical control points (CCPs) Establish a critical limit Establish monitering procedures Establish corrective actions Establish verification procedures Establish record-keeping and documentation procedures

Answer 32

Biological Chemical Physical

Answer 33

Generally recongnized as safe spices salt vinegar

Answer 34

Substances that have limits on how much you can add to a product coloring agents curing agents preservatives water

Answer 35

substances that have been shown to present a danger to those who consume them flavoring compounds sweetners preservatives

Answer 36

food proiens that trigger a specific type of immune response in the human body mild - rash severe - anaphylactic shock that can lead to death

Answer 37

peanuts tree nuts fish shellfish eggs dairy wheat soy

Answer 38

Determine which of the steps in your flow diagram were hazards can be prevented, eliminated, or reduced For each step in the flow chart we identify if one of the hazaards defined is likely to occur

Answer 39

Establish Critical limits - at what point does something need to be done about the hazard? CCP monitering - how will we monitor if that critical limit is reached? Corrective actions - if we reach the critical limit what will our action be to resolve the problem

Answer 40

Establish effictive recordkeeping - indicate what records will be kept to monitor the CCP, and who will record them Establish procedures for verification - How will you verify that the records are being kept and monitering equipment is functioning properly?

Answer 41

Infections Intoxications Toxico-infections

Answer 42

Live bacteria - salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, Campylobacter Onset typically in 2-7 days

Answer 43

ingestion of a toxin formed in food - clostridium botulinum Onset typically 1-6 hours

Answer 44

consume live bacteria that prior to dying in the stomach produces a toxin - Clostridium perfringens (creates spores that can survive normal cooking procedures) Onset typically 6-24 hours

Answer 45

- Fasted for 12-24 hours (makes evisceration easier and minimizes migration of bacteria from GI tract onto meat) - Should be given free access to water (facilitates electrical stunning, provides easierblood removal, provides easier pelt removal, brightens lean color)

Answer 46

- Extends and sets forth human handling and stunning practices and procedures - Applies to all non-exmpt federal and state plants (expemtion for ritualistic slaughters) - Provides maintenance and condition of livesotck pens, driveways, etc - Calls for control of electrical rods (limited to under 50 volts) - Disabled animals cannot be dragged unless they are stunned - Animals must have access to water in all holding pens and if held for more than 24 hours, must have food - Approves use of stunning methods, which must be applied to livestock before they can be shackled, hoisted, thrown, cast or cut

Answer 47

Mechanical Chemical Electrical

Answer 48

want to comatize, not kill proper stunning ahould result in continued breathing and heart beating Medula oblongata must not be destoryed; if it is, blood will not be completly removed

Answer 49

concussion (does not penetrate skull) Example - stunning hammer (cash knocker), pneumatic pole knocker (knud simonsen) Pnetration (penetrates skull) Example - firearms and captive bolt (Cash - X bolt pistol, Schermer stunner)

Answer 50

CO2 is the only approved substance Animals enter the CO2 chamber Lowered into the pit with the highest CO2 concentraction Lifted up again Taken out of chamber

Answer 51

Go to 350volts - 0.3 to 5.0 amps for 2-20 seconds General types are wand type, ice-tong, separated electrodes (poll-to-back, Head-to-crotch, head-to-shoulder Approved for small stock (hogs, sheep, calves, etc)

Answer 52

Bone breakage Ecchymosis ("blood splash") Reason - Electrical stunning is both a vasoconstrictor and cardiac stimulator Prevention - minimize "stun-to-stick" interval

Answer 53

Removal of hair - scald, dehair, singe and polish Removal of skin - manual with knives or mechanical with hide pullers

Answer 54

Floor pritch - 12 rates per hour - skinning cradle Cradle - 15 rates per hour - Electric knife and vertical dressing On-the-Rail, gravity flow - 40 rates per hour - "Up" hide pullers On-the-rail, intermittent power - 75 rates per hour - "down" hide pullers, V-Boss cattle restrainer, Moving top viscera table, Davis roll-a-hide, In-motion, side moving splitting patterns On-the-rail, continuous power - 300 rates per hour - multiple hide pullers, splitting

Answer 55

describes what is "fit and proper" to eat for jews and muslims applies to a wide array of food and drinks

Answer 56

Holy Bible Torah

Answer 57

May eat - ox, sheep, goat, deer, gazelle, roe deer, goat, ibex, antelope, moutain sheep, animals with divided hoofs and chews its own cud, anything with fins and scales Cannot eat - Camel, rabbit, hyrax, pig

Answer 58

Known as shechitah Done by the Shochet (sometime is the rabbi) - must be a pious man, well-trained in Jewish law, particularly as it relates in Kashrut Quick deep stroke across the throat with a perfectly shap blade with no ricks or uneveness Painless, causes unconsciousness within 2 seconds - most humane method of slaughter ensures rapid, complete drainage of blood, which is also neccesary to render meat kosher

Answer 59

Glatt means smooth Refers to the lung of the animal during inspection If the lungs hold air, they are kosher Meat musted be soaked and salted within 72 hours of slaughter

Answer 60

Do not cook a young goat in its mother milk Meat and diary cannot be eatne together Separation can include different utensils, cookware, sinks, dishwashers, etc.

Answer 61

Consuming blood is forbidden as it life and you must not eat the life with the meat

Answer 62

sciatic nerve will cut and sell the entire hind quarter to non-kosher butchers

Answer 63

during passover, kosher requirements change avoid any leavened grains or related materials

Answer 64

not acceptable

Answer 65

acceptable

Answer 66

The name "Allah" must be said and by a member of muslim faith has to be facing Makkah when saying "Allah" Animal should not be thirsty The knife must be sharp The slaughter is done by cutting the throat of the animal Meat slaughterd by People of jewish faith or christian faith Blood must be completly drained

Answer 67

Comprehensive survey that evaluates beef industry efforts improve beef quality

Answer 68

Most prominant

Answer 69

Bones - glue Glands- medicine Cattle feet - fine lubricant

Answer 70

Pancreas treat diabetes and high blood sugar

Answer 71

Liver Anti - Coagulant

Answer 72

Cancer and aids research

Answer 73

sloth and manatee 7

Answer 74

Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 13 Lumbar - 6 Sacral - 5 Coccygeal - 18-20

Answer 75

Record the weight of the animal prior to slaughter used in dressing percentage calculation Could be used for sale weight

Answer 76

tongue should hang out limp, and ears should droop Eyes should have a blank stare, no bliking No to minimal vocolizations some nerve innervation could take place

Answer 77

Knife is brought toward the jaw to sever the carotid arteries and jugular viens

Answer 78

head is removed from carcass between the occipital condyles and the atlas vertebra

Answer 79

separates the esophagus from the trachea End of the esophagus is tied closed after separation

Answer 80

achillies tendon

Answer 81

cut around the anus and tie it off must free the rectum by severing all of the supporting connective tissue

Answer 82

removal of the viscera the body cavity is opened in one continuous motion from the pelvis to the brisket with knife facing away from the viscera

Answer 83

trachea heart lungs

Answer 84

Hot carcass weight over live weight times 100