Genetics Biology

Question 1

Genetic material

Answer 1

nucleic acid - DNA

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

an organisms DNA, with its genes, organized

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

uncoiled chromosomes

Question 4

haploid

Answer 4

a single set of chromosomes

Question 5

Diploid

Answer 5

two sers of chromosomes , one from each parent

Question 6

plasmids

Answer 6

smal, circular DNA molecules that exist in bacteria

Question 7

nucleoid

Answer 7

Region where DNA is supercoiled

Question 8

cytogenetics

Answer 8

study of number and morphology of chromosomes

Question 9

karyotype

Answer 9

an image of a person’s full complement of chromosomes

Question 10

centromere

Answer 10

Divet in chromosomes
Between the two arms

Question 11

Telomere

Answer 11

Top of the short arm and bottom of long arm

Question 12

arm p

Answer 12

short arm

Question 13

arm q

Answer 13

long arm

Question 14

if centromere is in the middle

Answer 14

metacentric

Question 15

if centromere is half way up the short arm

Answer 15

submetacentric

Question 16

if centromere is 3/4 up the short arm

Answer 16

acrocentric

Question 17

if no short arm

Answer 17

telocentric

Question 18

each gene site is called

Answer 18

locus

Question 19

Biparental inheritance

Answer 19

inheritance from two parents

Question 20

allele

Answer 20

alternative forms of the same gene

Question 21

sex determinig chromosomes

Answer 21

not homologous
females - XX
males - XY
Y - smaller than X
Y - lacks most gene loci contained on X chromosome

Question 22

Giemsa Banding (aka G banding)

Answer 22

staining method for condensed chromosomes
A-T rich stains more darlky
G-C rich stains more lightly
can be called cytogenetic bands

Question 23

G banding example - 2p13.3

Answer 23

second chromosome
short arm
band 1
sub band 3
sub sub band 3

Question 24

mitosis

Answer 24

daughter cells
same # of chromosomes as parent

Question 25

meiosis

Answer 25

sex cells
gametes or spores
half number of chromosomes than parent

Question 26

cell cycle and time - interphase

Answer 26

G1 - 5 hours
S - 7 hours
G2 - 3 hours
total - 15 hours

Question 27

cell cycle and time - mitosis

Answer 27

Pro - 36 minutes
Met - 3 minutes
Ana - 3 minutes
Tel - 18 minutes
total - 1 hour

Question 28

G0

Answer 28

“off ramp” for cells to leav the cycle

Question 29

checkpoints in cell cycle

Answer 29

G1, G2, anaphase
Can kill cells with defects in division

Question 30

Mendels 7 pairs of traits

Answer 30

Flower color
Seed color
Seed shape
Pod color
Pod shape
Stem hieght
Flower posistion

Question 31

Monohybrid cross ratio

Answer 31

F1 4:0
F2 3:1

Question 32

Mendels results from monohybrid crosses

Answer 32

1) reciprocal crosses had the same results
2) all F1 progeny resembled only one of the two parent strains
3) the trait that vanished in the F1 always reappeared in the F2
4) the ratio of the appearence in the F2 was always 3:1

Question 33

Mendels first law - principle of segregation

Answer 33

two allels of a gene pair segregate from each other during the formation of gametes in meiosis

Question 34

Dihybrid ratio phenotypic

Answer 34

9:3:1:1

Question 35

Law of dominance

Answer 35

some allels are dominant over the other allels for a given gene

Question 36

Law of independent assortment

Answer 36

alleles of differnt genes segregate independently of one another during gametogenesis and are distributed independently of one another in the next generation