Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APP > Meat Inspection > Flashcards

Meat Inspection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 body cavities?

A

Cranium
Thorax
Abdomen
Pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the cranium contain?

A

The brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the thorax contain?

A

Oesophagus, trachea, heart, lungs, thymus, great blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the abdomen contain?

A

Stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, bladder and uterus in pregnant females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the pelvis contain?

A

Rectum, bladder, uterus and ovaries in non pregnant female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Loose fitting sac containing the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do leucocytes do in the body?

A

Destroy bacteria, can damage tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do lymph nodes look like?

A

Varies in size from pinhead to 20mm
Embedded in fat
Round or oval
Firm
White, grey or greyish-blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do haemal lymph nodes look like?

A

Small, dark red nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are lymph nodes important in meat inspection?

A

Swelling or destruction can be a sign of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are infarcts in kidneys?

A

Cone shaped area of necrotic tissue caused by blockages of blood capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are retention cysts in kidneys?

A

Urine sacs caused by blockages of papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is hydronephrosis in kidneys?

A

Where the entire kidney has become a urine sac due to the blockage of the ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are renal calculi?

A

Kidney stones due to salt deposits from uric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is petechia in kidneys?

A

Minute hemorrhages on kidneys and membranes appearing as pinhead dots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does petechiae on kidneys indicate?

A

Septicaemia or acute infective disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is pyaemic nephritis of kidneys?

A

Abscess caused by infection from blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is pyrlo-nephritis in kidneys?

A

Infection after giving birth, uterers greatly thickened causing ammonia smelling mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

After how many months do carcasses need to be tested for BSE?

A

30 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the space between the 2 pleura sacs called?

A

Mediastinal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are 8 different responses an animal can have to pathogens?

A

Infection
Death or necrosis
Degeneration
Calcification
Pigmentation
Disturbance of growth
Disturbance of circulation
Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What types of infection are there?

A

Systemic infections
Toxaemia
Bacteraemia
Septicaemia
Pyaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where might first/primary lesions appear

A

Respiratory or digestive tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is toxaemia?

A

Organisms produce toxins which diffuse into lymph and blood circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the signs of toxaemia?

A

Cloudy swelling

Fatty infiltration

Enlarged lymph nodes

Either general or systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is bacteraemia?

A

Entry of small amounts of bacteria into the bloodstream. Body defences will arrest it eventually.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are systemic infections?

A

When the body is invaded by living organisms and pathological changes take place.

Usually from contacts, air or food and drink route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is septicaemia?

A

When the body cannot cope with bacterial infection and it spreads via the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are signs of septicaemia?

A

Insufficient bleeding

Absence of rigor Mortis

Jaundice

Petechial haemorrhages of myocardium, liver, kidney and serous membranes

Enlarged or haemorrhaged lymph nodes

Cloudy swelling or fatty change

Enlarged spleen

Blood stain on thoracic and abdominal cavities

High pH in muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Are septicaemic carcasses unfit?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Entry of pyogenic organisms into the blood stream. Body’s defences usually arrest them over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Is meat fit if abscess present?

A

Yes if not systemic. Liver abscess regarded as local condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What could cause a liver abscess?

A

Intensive methods of feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is necrosis?

A

Death of part of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are signs of necrosis?

A

Pale and firm tissue, possibly surrounded with excess blood.

Smell due to gas production

Swelled carcase due to gas accumulation

Carcase Rigor mortis stiffness for 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What causes necrosis?

A

Pathogens
Physical obstruction of blood supply
Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Is carcase with necrosis fit for consumption?

A

In most cases on removal of necrotic tissues yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Necrosis can also cause what to set in?

A

Gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does gangrene look like?

A

Soft, swollen, foul smell, dark green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Can you accept meat with gangrene?

A

No, reject gangrenous areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is degeneration?

A

The state in which cells are less able than normal to carry out their function.

Accumulation of abnormal substances
Tends to end in necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is physiological fatty degeneration?

A

Excessive fat in the liver, heart or kidneys due to a carb and fat rich diet.

Common in advanced pregnancy

44
Q

What are post mortem signs of fatty degeneration?

A

Larger and heavier liver
Yellowish brown
Soft consistency
Cut tissue has fatty lustre

45
Q

Is fatty degenerated meat unfit?

A

No but may be unmarketable

46
Q

What is pathological fatty infiltration?

A

Result of acute toxaemia, intestinal diseases or chemical poisoning

47
Q

What are the post mortem signs of pathological fatty infiltration?

A

Affects liver, heart or kidneys

Clay-like colour

Friable and greasy to touch

Liver tends to shrink

Uneven distribution of fatty change showing as light patches

48
Q

Is pathological fatty infiltration meat fit?

A

No

49
Q

What are the signs of cloudy swelling?

A

Enlarged, soft, pale organs

50
Q

What is cloudy swelling indicative of?

A

Severe systemic disturbance

51
Q

What is the judgement in cloudy swelling?

A

Reject affected organs, more detailed examination of carcase required

52
Q

What is calcification?

A

Deposits of lime salts, usually in necrotic tissue. It’s the body’s attempt to enclose and immobilise foreign agents

53
Q

What causes endogenous pigments?

A

High pH of muscle brought about by stress at slaughter

54
Q

Can you accept endogenous pigments in meat?

A

Depends on severity

55
Q

What do endogenous pigments look like?

A

Dark red colouration of muscle

56
Q

What does melanoma and melanosis look like?

A

Black lumps / black areas of organs

57
Q

Can melanoma or melanosis be accepted?

A

No for aesthetic reasons

58
Q

What causes jaundice?

A

Bile pigment in blood due to parasites, tumours, cirrhosis of liver, destruction of blood cells due to infection

59
Q

What does jaundice look like?

A

Yellow discolouration in kidneys, connective tissues arteries, lungs, eyes, liver, tendons, serous membranes and cartilage

60
Q

Can jaundiced carcases be used?

A

If after 24 hours the yellow colour is fading. If not then reject

61
Q

What is the difference between atrophy and hypertrophy?

A

Atrophy is shrinkage of organ
Hypertrophy is an increase in size of organ

62
Q

What can cause atrophy?

A

Starvation and malnutrition
Lack of nerve supply
Pressure
Age
Lack of blood supply
Arthritis
Overwork
Infection and inflammation

63
Q

Can a carcass with atrophy be accepted?

A

Yes but condemn affected parts

64
Q

What causes hypertrophy?

A

Additional muscle to accommodate weakness in other areas of the body

65
Q

Is a carcass with hypertrophy fit?

A

Yes

66
Q

What is a malignant tumour?

A

Parts of a tumour that travels through the body and can cause a secondary tumour elsewhere (metastasis)

67
Q

Can you accept carcass with malignant tumour?

A

Reject affected parts, examine remainder of body

68
Q

What are types of disturbances in circulation?

A

Clots
Embolism
Infarcts
Haemorrhage
Anaemia
Hyperaemia
Oedema
Imperfect bleeding

69
Q

What causes clots?

A

Injury to wall of artery or being, e.g. from parasitic worm

Alteration in blood composition, emg. High fat or cholesterol

70
Q

What can cause a haemorrhage?

A

Anthrax
Septicaemia
Liver damage
Vitamin k issues

71
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Reduction in red blood cells, caused by parasites, toxins, deficiencies or jaundice

72
Q

What is hyperaemia?

A

Increase of blood in part of the body

73
Q

What could increase of blood in part of a body indicate?

A

Inflammation possibly caused by infection

74
Q

What is oedema?

A

Too much water in tissues

75
Q

What does oedema look like?

A

Swollen tissue
Clear fluid oozes out if cut

76
Q

What is oedema often associated with?

A

Emaciation

77
Q

What are signs of imperfect bleeding?

A

Flesh is dark
Congested organs
Left ventricle of the heart contains blood
Lymph nodes suffused with blood
Intercostal veins easily discernible
Incision of masseter muscles show blood exuding from cut surface

78
Q

Can imperfect bleeding be accepted?

A

No unless consumed immediately

79
Q

What are signs of inflammation?

A

Heat
Swelling
Redness
Pain

80
Q

What could cause an abnormal odour?

A

Diet
Drugs administered
Sexual odours (boar taint)
Specified diseases
Abscesses
Gangrene
Putrefaction

81
Q

Can blood splashing be accepted?

A

Reject affected parts

82
Q

What is emaciation?

A

A pathological condition associated with diaease

83
Q

What are signs of emaciation?

A

Moist watery carcase
Absent rigor Mortis
Fat is scanty and gelatinous
Muscle pale and flabby
Enlarged lymph nodes
Atrophy of organs
Bone marrow red and watery

84
Q

Can emaciated carcasses be accepted?

A

Depends on degree of wasting and nature of disease

85
Q

What is hepatitis of the liver?

A

Swelling and congestion usually caused by liver flukes

86
Q

What are signs of pericarditis?

A

Surface of heart covered in fibrinous adhesion
Acute pluersy
Oedema
Cheesy pus

87
Q

Can pericarditis be accepted?

A

Reject heart only unless acute, septic condition

88
Q

What is pluersy?

A

Inflammation of the pluera, often associated with pneumonia

89
Q

Can you accept pluersy?

A

Yes if localised, no if septic

90
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Inflammation of the lungs

91
Q

What 3 types of pneumonia classification are there?

A

Lobar pneumonia
Broncho pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia

92
Q

What are signs of broncho and lobar pneumonia?

A

Abscesses and potentially septic pneumonia

93
Q

What are signs of interstitial pneumonia?

A

Growth of fibrous tissues around air spaces and blood vessels

Grey-pink colour

Pithy and dry

Dotted with black pigmentation

Enlarged nymph nodes

Bronchiolitis present

94
Q

Does pnuemonia make meat unfit?

A

Reject organ unless acute septic and systemic

95
Q

What is poorness?

A

Inadequate intake of nutrients

96
Q

What are signs of poorness?

A

Dark muscle, coarse meat and stringy due to lack of fat.
Sparse fat
Not wet as with emaciation

97
Q

What is the difference between emaciation and poorness?

A

Emaciation caused by disease and carcass is wet.

Poorness due to lack of nutrients and carcass not wet.

98
Q

Is poor meat marketable?

A

For manufactured products yes

99
Q

What causes fever?

A

Bacteria, viruses and protozoa

100
Q

What are signs of fever?

A

Congested, pinkish hue
Subcutaneous blood vessels apparent
Cloudy swelling in liver, kidneys and heart
Wasting of muscle and fat
Scattered haemorrhages on flesh

101
Q

Can you accept a fevered carcase?

A

No

102
Q

What are methods of inspecting meat?

A

Observation
Palpation
Inspection
Smell

103
Q

What types of hazards are there in food?

A

Microbiological
Chemical
Physical
Allergenic

104
Q

What does P.I.G.S stand for in terms of hazards?

A

Present in food
Introduction of contamination
Growth of pathogens
Survival of pathogens

105
Q

What are sources of physical contamination (4 P’s)

A

Packaging
Pests
Personnel
Premises and equipment

APP (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions