Measuring Occurence of Disease

Question 1

Incidence

Answer 1

Represents the rate of occurrence of new cases in a given period of time in a specific population

Question 2

Incidence Rate Calculation

Answer 2

of new events during time period / # of persons exposed to risk during this time period x 10

Question 3

Cumulative Incidence Calculation

Answer 3

measure the denominator only at the start of the study, probability of getting disease

of ppl who get disease during time period / # of people free of disease in the risk population at the beginning x 10

Question 4

Prevalence

Answer 4

Frequency of existing cases in defined population at a given point in time.

Question 5

Prevalence calculation

Answer 5

of ppl with the disease or condition at specified time / # of people in the population at risk in the same time x 10

Question 6

case fatality

Answer 6

measure of disease severity

of deaths from real cases in a time period / # of real cases of the disease in time period x 100

Question 7

Crude Mortality Rate

Answer 7

for all deaths or specific cause of death

of deaths during time period / # of persons at risk of dying during same period x 10

Question 8

Age-specific death rates

Answer 8

total number of deaths occurring in a specific age and sex group of the population during a time period / estimated total population of same age and sex at same time period x 10

Question 9

Proportionate Mortality

Answer 9

The number of deaths from a given cause per 100 or 1000 total deaths in sam eperiod

Question 10

Infant Mortality

Answer 10

of deaths of children under 5/ # of live births in same year x 1000

Question 11

Maternal Mortality Rate

Answer 11

of maternal deaths in geographical area in a time period / # of live births that occurred among same pop. in same area during time period x 10

Question 12

Adult Mortality Rate

Answer 12

Defined as the probability of dying between ages 15 and 60 years per 1000 pop.

Question 13

Life Expectancy

Answer 13

it is defined as the average number of years an individual of a given age is expected to live if current mortality rates continue

Question 14

Age-standardized rates

Answer 14

an age-standardized death rate is a summary of the measure of a death rate that a population would have if it had a standard age structure

Question 15

Iaccuracies of Mortality Measures

Answer 15

Systematic biases
Incorrect death certificates
Misinterpretation of ICD rules 
Variations in coding categories
Deaths may go unreported

Question 16

Measures of Morbidity

Answer 16

Disability,
Health Determinants, indicators,
Risk factors,
Population Measures

Question 17

Relative Risk Reduction

Answer 17

The difference in event rates between two groups, expressed as a proportion of the event rate in the untreated group

Question 18

Absolute Risk

Answer 18

The arithmetic difference between two events; varies with the underlying risk of an event in the individual patient

Question 19

Risk difference

Answer 19

The difference in rates between two events; varies with the underlying risk of an event in the individual patient

Question 20

Attributable Fraction

Answer 20

the proportion of all cases that can be attributed to a particular exposure. Determined by the attributable fracture by dividing the risk difference between the incidence among the exposed groups

Question 21

Population Attributable Risk

Answer 21

PAR: LP - LU / LP
LP: the incidence of the disease in the total population
LU: Incidence of the disease among the unexposed group

Question 22

Relative Risk

Answer 22

Is the ratio of the risk of occurence of the disease among exposed people to the among the unexposed

Question 23

Attributable Risk

Answer 23

the rate of a disease of another outcome in exposed individuals that can be attributed to the exposure