measuring and describing disease 2 Flashcards
what are the levels of evidence in research used for?
testing the strength of epidemiological findings
what are the research categories of different types of study design
- observational research
2. interventional research
what are the research categories of different types of epidemiological approach?
- descriptive epidemiology
2. analytic epidemiology
qualitative research methods typically
;
- explore underlying ideas and themes to inform research questions and possible future research hypothesis
- expresses its findings and outputs of qualitative research in words
- relies on smaller numbers of participants, but goes in substantial detail
when is qualitative research used?
earlier in the research process - gives you a place to start
- also sometimes counting things isn’t appropriate
what is a DALY
Disability Adjusted Life Years. The DALY is a measure of disease burden that combines years of life lost from ill-health, disability or premature death.
what are the 3 groups of diseases?
infectious disease
non-communicable disease
injury
what is morbidity?
disease state
what is mortality?
death
what are the 4 different measures of frequency?
odds
prevalence
cumulative incidence
incidence rate
what are odds?
ratio of : no. people with disease ------------------------------------ no. people who dont have the disease expressed as 5:1 for example
In the context of odds, what is the output number above which it becomes more likely an event takes place than does not take place?
1.0
what is prevalence
the proportion of individuals in a population who have the disease of attribute of interest at a specific timepoint
expressed as decimal or %
- always specify a timepoint
what is the critical weakness of prevalence?
provides no information on new cases of a disease not useful in diseases of short duration
cumulate incidence definition
the proportion of the population with a new event during a given time period
