Measurements of Diseases Flashcards
Tend to cluster in groups of people
Diseases
The study of spread of disease in a population
Epidemiology
A population are necessary follow trends, identity epidemics, and assess prevention and treatment programs
Measurements of disease
The number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of people at risk for the disease, over a given period of time. Because it measures an event over time, it is expressed as a rate
Incidence
The number of affected persons divided by the total population at a point in time
Prevalence
A measure of risk of getting the disease over a period of time for each member of the population
Incidence
Used to track baseline rates of disease and to measure the effectiveness of prevention programs
Incidence
Reflects the burden of the disease on the community
Prevalence
Goes up with increased incidence or successful management programs which lengthen life span
Prevalance
Describes the characteristics of a data set taken from a sample
Descriptive statistics
Makes comparisons and draws conclusions about a larger group based on the sample data
Inferential statistics
A collection of things having some quantifiable characteristics in common. There may be multiple characteristics
Population
Populations are defined by their common characteristics, called
Inclusion criteria
Populations are also defined by the common characteristics they lack, these are known as
Exclusion criteria
Use _____ when extrapolating the results of studies on a specific population to patients who do not meet all the inclusion and exclusion criteria
caution
Unmeasured characteristics in a population are important considerations in
experimental design
Based on studies of populations; the results can be applied to all individuals who belong to the population
The science of inferential statistics
So large that we cannot account for all the members
Populations
A population is a collection of things having some quantifiable characteristics in common. There may be
multiple characteristics
Populations have attributes called _____, which are numerical values that summarize the data
parameters
Even though population are ____, their parameters are ______. These are distinctly different from their quantifiable characteristics
fluid, stable
Continually used to update sources of medical information
New evidence
